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<p>Boron is an essential micronutrient required for crop growth and development. Foxtail millet (<i>Setaria italica</i>) is valued for its high nutritional quality and strong tolerance to environmental stresses, however, its agronomic responses to soil boron supply have not been systematically investigated. This study aimed to characterize the dose-dependent effects of soil boron concentration on agronomic traits, yield components, and grain quality attributes of foxtail millet, thereby providing a theoretical basis for precision boron management in high-yield and high-quality production systems. A pot experiment was conducted using three foxtail millet varieties <i>xiaomi1</i>, <i>xiaomi3</i>, and <i>xiaomi4</i>, under six soil boron concentration gradients ranging from 0.21 to 1.82 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. Seedling growth traits, yield-related parameters, and grain quality indicators were measured to evaluate cultivar-specific responses to boron supply. Most measured traits showed a unimodal dose–response pattern in relation to soil boron concentration. An appropriate boron supply significantly enhanced pollen viability, grain number per panicle, and panicle weight, thereby contributing to increased grain yield. In addition, optimal boron levels improved grain hardness, grain color parameters, and carotenoid content, while reducing the broken grain rate, resulting in better overall grain quality. In contrast, both boron deficiency and excessive boron supply suppressed these positive responses. Based on membership function analysis, optimal soil boron concentration was identified as 0.48 mg kg<sup>− 1</sup> for <i>xiaomi1</i> and 0.75 mg kg<sup>− 1</sup> for <i>xiaomi3</i> and <i>xiaomi4</i>. Boron regulates yield formation in foxtail millet mainly by affecting pollen viability and related yield components. It also influences grain quality, likely through its roles in cell wall formation and the assimilation and allocation of photosynthetic products. The cultivar-specific differences in optimal boron requirements highlight the importance of genotype-based precision boron fertilization strategies for improving both yield and grain quality in foxtail millet production.</p>

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Dose-Dependent Effects of Soil Boron Concentration on Yield Formation and Grain Quality in Foxtail Millet

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Yijuan Zhang,
  • Peiyu Xian,
  • Ruiyu Yang,
  • Fei Wang,
  • Yumei Su,
  • Hongying Li,
  • Yuanhuai Han

摘要

Boron is an essential micronutrient required for crop growth and development. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is valued for its high nutritional quality and strong tolerance to environmental stresses, however, its agronomic responses to soil boron supply have not been systematically investigated. This study aimed to characterize the dose-dependent effects of soil boron concentration on agronomic traits, yield components, and grain quality attributes of foxtail millet, thereby providing a theoretical basis for precision boron management in high-yield and high-quality production systems. A pot experiment was conducted using three foxtail millet varieties xiaomi1, xiaomi3, and xiaomi4, under six soil boron concentration gradients ranging from 0.21 to 1.82 mg kg−1. Seedling growth traits, yield-related parameters, and grain quality indicators were measured to evaluate cultivar-specific responses to boron supply. Most measured traits showed a unimodal dose–response pattern in relation to soil boron concentration. An appropriate boron supply significantly enhanced pollen viability, grain number per panicle, and panicle weight, thereby contributing to increased grain yield. In addition, optimal boron levels improved grain hardness, grain color parameters, and carotenoid content, while reducing the broken grain rate, resulting in better overall grain quality. In contrast, both boron deficiency and excessive boron supply suppressed these positive responses. Based on membership function analysis, optimal soil boron concentration was identified as 0.48 mg kg− 1 for xiaomi1 and 0.75 mg kg− 1 for xiaomi3 and xiaomi4. Boron regulates yield formation in foxtail millet mainly by affecting pollen viability and related yield components. It also influences grain quality, likely through its roles in cell wall formation and the assimilation and allocation of photosynthetic products. The cultivar-specific differences in optimal boron requirements highlight the importance of genotype-based precision boron fertilization strategies for improving both yield and grain quality in foxtail millet production.