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<p>Investigate the potential of cow bone char (BC) and bone ash (BA), pyrolyzed at 450&#xa0;°C (BC1, BA1) and 550&#xa0;°C (BC2, BA2), as alternative phosphorus (P) sources, especially when combined with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), on soil P solubility, availability, and maize growth in calcareous soil. PSB were isolated from various calcareous soil samples and tested for P-solubilizing ability, with the most effective strain identified as <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> Enterobacter hormaechei (ALCRI-PSB-F). A 60-day pot experiment with a two-way randomized design involved planting maize in calcareous soil. In vitro tests showed significant increases in soluble P when BC and BA were inoculated with PSB compared to controls, with BC1 producing the best results. The pot experiment demonstrated that BC1 + PSB treatments significantly (LSD, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) improved plant height, biomass, shoot P content, and soil soluble and available P, exceeding the results obtained with single superphosphate (SSP). This treatment also decreased soil pH by 0.37 units and increased phosphorus availability from 3.22 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> to 12.33 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> compared to the control, reducing P fixation. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria combined with bone char or bone ash provided an eco-friendly, cost-effective alternative to traditional phosphorus fertilizers for sustainable crop production in calcareous soils. These approaches, as sustainable agricultural practices, are increasingly focused on recycling nutrient-rich wastes into valuable products to reduce environmental impact and improve crop yields. </p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Performance of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria for Growth Promotion of Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Presence of Bone Char and Bone Ash as Sustainable Phosphorus Fertilizers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Maher E. Saleh,
  • Asmaa Kh. El-Houfy,
  • Azza Massoud,
  • Mohamed Rashad,
  • Eman H. El-Gamal,
  • Abdallah E. Mohamed

摘要

Investigate the potential of cow bone char (BC) and bone ash (BA), pyrolyzed at 450 °C (BC1, BA1) and 550 °C (BC2, BA2), as alternative phosphorus (P) sources, especially when combined with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), on soil P solubility, availability, and maize growth in calcareous soil. PSB were isolated from various calcareous soil samples and tested for P-solubilizing ability, with the most effective strain identified as Enterobacter hormaechei Enterobacter hormaechei (ALCRI-PSB-F). A 60-day pot experiment with a two-way randomized design involved planting maize in calcareous soil. In vitro tests showed significant increases in soluble P when BC and BA were inoculated with PSB compared to controls, with BC1 producing the best results. The pot experiment demonstrated that BC1 + PSB treatments significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) improved plant height, biomass, shoot P content, and soil soluble and available P, exceeding the results obtained with single superphosphate (SSP). This treatment also decreased soil pH by 0.37 units and increased phosphorus availability from 3.22 mg kg−1 to 12.33 mg kg−1 compared to the control, reducing P fixation. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria combined with bone char or bone ash provided an eco-friendly, cost-effective alternative to traditional phosphorus fertilizers for sustainable crop production in calcareous soils. These approaches, as sustainable agricultural practices, are increasingly focused on recycling nutrient-rich wastes into valuable products to reduce environmental impact and improve crop yields. 

Graphical Abstract