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<p>This study evaluated the restoration of clayey-topsoil minesoils along a chronosequence of up to 30 years in Candiota, southern Brazil, under natural revegetation dominated by Pampa Biome species. Soil health was assessed by quantifying arylsulfatase and β-glucosidase enzyme activities, permanganate-oxidizable carbon (POxC), and total organic carbon (TOC) contents in relation to soil acidity and fertility attributes over restoration time. An adjacent unmined Rhodic Lixisol was sampled as a reference (unmined soil). Arylsulfatase activity increased significantly with restoration time (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.74; <i>p</i> = 0.028), whereas β-glucosidase showed no significant temporal trend (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.352; <i>p</i> = 0.215), with activities ranging from 26 to 132 and from 19 to 85&#xa0;µg p-nitrophenol g soil⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. Even so, both enzymes remained lower in minesoils than in the unmined soil throughout the chronosequence. POxC and TOC also increased with restoration age, indicating progressive improvement in soil organic matter dynamics and carbon accumulation. According to the four-quadrant model, however, the evaluated minesoils remained distinct from the unmined reference soil after 30 years, suggesting incomplete recovery of biological and chemical functions. Among the evaluated indicators, arylsulfatase was the most sensitive to restoration time, while POxC was useful for tracking restoration trajectories when interpreted together with enzymatic activity, TOC, and fertility attributes. The results indicate that natural revegetation promotes gradual improvements in minesoil quality, but full restoration may require longer periods and continued monitoring. Liming appears to be important for mitigating low pH and aluminum saturation, which can constrain biological activity and slow restoration progress.</p>

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β-glucosidase and Arylsulfatase Enzymes and Permanganate-oxidizable Carbon Content As Indicators of Minesoil Restoration Across a Three-decade Chronosequence

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Gabriel Henrique Silva das Dôres,
  • Lizete Stumpf,
  • Glaucia Oliveira Islabão,
  • Juliana Brito da Silva,
  • Ezequiel César Carvalho Miola,
  • Pablo Miguel,
  • Marcel Thomas Pereira Job,
  • Otávio dos Anjos Leal,
  • Julhana Pereira Figueiredo,
  • Juliana Vargas Bozzato,
  • Bruna Lemons Brisolara,
  • Jakeline Rosa de Oliveira

摘要

This study evaluated the restoration of clayey-topsoil minesoils along a chronosequence of up to 30 years in Candiota, southern Brazil, under natural revegetation dominated by Pampa Biome species. Soil health was assessed by quantifying arylsulfatase and β-glucosidase enzyme activities, permanganate-oxidizable carbon (POxC), and total organic carbon (TOC) contents in relation to soil acidity and fertility attributes over restoration time. An adjacent unmined Rhodic Lixisol was sampled as a reference (unmined soil). Arylsulfatase activity increased significantly with restoration time (R2 = 0.74; p = 0.028), whereas β-glucosidase showed no significant temporal trend (R2 = 0.352; p = 0.215), with activities ranging from 26 to 132 and from 19 to 85 µg p-nitrophenol g soil⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. Even so, both enzymes remained lower in minesoils than in the unmined soil throughout the chronosequence. POxC and TOC also increased with restoration age, indicating progressive improvement in soil organic matter dynamics and carbon accumulation. According to the four-quadrant model, however, the evaluated minesoils remained distinct from the unmined reference soil after 30 years, suggesting incomplete recovery of biological and chemical functions. Among the evaluated indicators, arylsulfatase was the most sensitive to restoration time, while POxC was useful for tracking restoration trajectories when interpreted together with enzymatic activity, TOC, and fertility attributes. The results indicate that natural revegetation promotes gradual improvements in minesoil quality, but full restoration may require longer periods and continued monitoring. Liming appears to be important for mitigating low pH and aluminum saturation, which can constrain biological activity and slow restoration progress.