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<p>The agronomic efficiency of conventional silicon (Si) fertilizers is frequently limited by their low bioavailability in soil. Consequently, nano-silica (nano-Si) has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative due to its enhanced availability and potentially superior physiological effectiveness in plants. The present study aimed to synthesize nano-Si from rice husk (RH), and its effects on growth, oxidative stress responses, and nutrient status of durum wheat. Nano-Si was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM observations showed a hierarchical structure consisting of micro-scale porous frameworks formed by agglomerated nano-sized primary particles lower than 80&#xa0;nm, while largely preserving the native siliceous architecture. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed that the material was predominantly amorphous Si with characteristic Si-O-Si functional groups. A pot experiment was conducted in which nano-Si and sodium silicate were applied at rates of 0, 25, 50, and 100&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup> to wheat plants grown under drought conditions. Applied Si did not significantly influence total dry weight; however, grain yield responded strongly to nano-Si, with the highest yield recorded at 25&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup>. This treatment also resulted in higher chlorophyll content and relative water content, along with lower H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> accumulation and membrane permeability, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly ascorbate peroxidase. In contrast, sodium silicate produced weaker physiological responses and was associated with increased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels. Nano-Si application increased plant Si and P concentrations. Nano-Si outperformed Na-Si in improving grain yield, photosynthesis, water relations, and oxidative stress tolerance in wheat, indicating its potential as a sustainable Si fertilizer.</p>

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Rice Husk-derived Biogenic Nano-silica: Effects on Wheat Growth and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms under Drought Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Sevval Ozturk,
  • Ozge Sahin,
  • Aydın Gunes

摘要

The agronomic efficiency of conventional silicon (Si) fertilizers is frequently limited by their low bioavailability in soil. Consequently, nano-silica (nano-Si) has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative due to its enhanced availability and potentially superior physiological effectiveness in plants. The present study aimed to synthesize nano-Si from rice husk (RH), and its effects on growth, oxidative stress responses, and nutrient status of durum wheat. Nano-Si was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM observations showed a hierarchical structure consisting of micro-scale porous frameworks formed by agglomerated nano-sized primary particles lower than 80 nm, while largely preserving the native siliceous architecture. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed that the material was predominantly amorphous Si with characteristic Si-O-Si functional groups. A pot experiment was conducted in which nano-Si and sodium silicate were applied at rates of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg− 1 to wheat plants grown under drought conditions. Applied Si did not significantly influence total dry weight; however, grain yield responded strongly to nano-Si, with the highest yield recorded at 25 mg kg− 1. This treatment also resulted in higher chlorophyll content and relative water content, along with lower H2O2 accumulation and membrane permeability, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly ascorbate peroxidase. In contrast, sodium silicate produced weaker physiological responses and was associated with increased H2O2 levels. Nano-Si application increased plant Si and P concentrations. Nano-Si outperformed Na-Si in improving grain yield, photosynthesis, water relations, and oxidative stress tolerance in wheat, indicating its potential as a sustainable Si fertilizer.