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<p>Sustaining crop productivity and soil health in intensive cereal-based systems remains a major challenge, particularly in acid soils. This study evaluated long-term yield trends, sustainability yield index (SYI), and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics under contrasting nutrient management practices in a maize–wheat system. A 47-year field experiment with maize-wheat system on an acid Alfisol was assessed under mineral fertilization and integrated nutrient management (INM) practices, including farmyard manure (FYM) and lime. Crop yields, SYI, and SOM fractions were analyzed to examine linkages between nutrient inputs, soil properties, soil organic matter dynamics and system performance. Balanced fertilization with FYM produced the highest maize yields and SYI, indicating improved yield stability, whereas, imbalanced and sole mineral fertilization led to yield decline and poor sustainability. Wheat yields declined across treatments; however, FYM and lime application moderated these reductions. Balanced and organically supplemented treatments significantly enhanced SOM fractions. Further, active SOM fractions exhibited strong positive correlations with SYI, highlighting their critical role in sustaining yield resilience. SOM fractions were positively associated with soil pH and organic carbon and negatively correlated with bulk density. Long-term integrated nutrient management substantially improved SOM dynamics, yield stability, and overall sustainability in maize–wheat cropping system under acidic conditions. The observed functional linkages between labile SOM fractions and yield resilience highlighted the importance of soil quality in sustaining long-term productivity.</p>

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Long-Term Nutrient Management (47 Years) Drives Yield Trajectories and Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Maize-Wheat Cropping System of the Northwestern Himalayas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Anjali,
  • Narender Kumar Sankhyan,
  • Raj Paul Sharma,
  • Neha Sharma,
  • Ranbir Singh Rana,
  • Gurbhan Das Sharma,
  • Pardeep Kumar

摘要

Sustaining crop productivity and soil health in intensive cereal-based systems remains a major challenge, particularly in acid soils. This study evaluated long-term yield trends, sustainability yield index (SYI), and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics under contrasting nutrient management practices in a maize–wheat system. A 47-year field experiment with maize-wheat system on an acid Alfisol was assessed under mineral fertilization and integrated nutrient management (INM) practices, including farmyard manure (FYM) and lime. Crop yields, SYI, and SOM fractions were analyzed to examine linkages between nutrient inputs, soil properties, soil organic matter dynamics and system performance. Balanced fertilization with FYM produced the highest maize yields and SYI, indicating improved yield stability, whereas, imbalanced and sole mineral fertilization led to yield decline and poor sustainability. Wheat yields declined across treatments; however, FYM and lime application moderated these reductions. Balanced and organically supplemented treatments significantly enhanced SOM fractions. Further, active SOM fractions exhibited strong positive correlations with SYI, highlighting their critical role in sustaining yield resilience. SOM fractions were positively associated with soil pH and organic carbon and negatively correlated with bulk density. Long-term integrated nutrient management substantially improved SOM dynamics, yield stability, and overall sustainability in maize–wheat cropping system under acidic conditions. The observed functional linkages between labile SOM fractions and yield resilience highlighted the importance of soil quality in sustaining long-term productivity.