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Purpose <p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential for preserving soil fertility and crop production, but the dynamic response mechanism of different SOC fractions under long-term fertilization is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of long-term different fertilization treatments on SOC fractions.</p> Methods <p>Based on the long-term fertilization experiment base in Laiyang, Shandong Province, China, five fertilization treatments were set up: (1) no fertilizer (CK), (2) urea (N), (3) pig manure (M), (4) pig manure, urea (MN), (5) nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK). Six fractionation methods—particle size, particle size + oxidation, particle size + density, aggregates, aggregates + disaggregation, and aggregates + oxidation—were used to analyze the SOC fractions in the 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm soil layers.</p> Results <p>MN treatment significantly increased SOC content (174.3 to 283.3%) and organic carbon amount in all SOC fractions (41.1 to 560.2%) in the 0–30 layer. Organic fertilizers (M, MN) had a higher response to all organic carbon fractions than inorganic fertilizers (N, NPK). Organic fertilizers (M, MN) primarily promoted the accumulation of labile SOC fractions (sand fraction (&gt; 53&#xa0;μm), light fraction (LF), and macro-aggregate (&gt; 250 μm)), while inorganic fertilizer (NPK) mainly facilitated the formation of stable mineral-associated organic carbon (chemically resistant fine silt and clay fraction (NaOCl resistant &lt; 20&#xa0;μm), heavy fraction of fine silt and clay (HF &lt; 20&#xa0;μm), and micro-aggregate in aggregate fraction (&gt; 53&#xa0;μm in agg)) at the 20–30&#xa0;cm depth. In the 0–10&#xa0;cm and 10–20&#xa0;cm layers, the sensitivity index (SI) of &gt; 53&#xa0;μm (500.60% and 560.22%, respectively) was the highest under MN treatment, while in the 20–30&#xa0;cm layer, the SI of micro-aggregate (53–250&#xa0;μm) (413.30%) was the highest.</p> Conclusions <p>Long-term fertilization, especially the application of organic fertilizer, can effectively promote SOC content and regulate its fraction, and there are significant differences in the effects of different fertilization strategies on SOC fractions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Responses of Different Soil Organic Carbon Fractions to Long-Term Fertilization in North China Using Six Fractionation Methods

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Junyan Wang,
  • Shutang Liu,
  • Wenliang Wei,
  • Xiaolu Sun

摘要

Purpose

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential for preserving soil fertility and crop production, but the dynamic response mechanism of different SOC fractions under long-term fertilization is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of long-term different fertilization treatments on SOC fractions.

Methods

Based on the long-term fertilization experiment base in Laiyang, Shandong Province, China, five fertilization treatments were set up: (1) no fertilizer (CK), (2) urea (N), (3) pig manure (M), (4) pig manure, urea (MN), (5) nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK). Six fractionation methods—particle size, particle size + oxidation, particle size + density, aggregates, aggregates + disaggregation, and aggregates + oxidation—were used to analyze the SOC fractions in the 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm soil layers.

Results

MN treatment significantly increased SOC content (174.3 to 283.3%) and organic carbon amount in all SOC fractions (41.1 to 560.2%) in the 0–30 layer. Organic fertilizers (M, MN) had a higher response to all organic carbon fractions than inorganic fertilizers (N, NPK). Organic fertilizers (M, MN) primarily promoted the accumulation of labile SOC fractions (sand fraction (> 53 μm), light fraction (LF), and macro-aggregate (> 250 μm)), while inorganic fertilizer (NPK) mainly facilitated the formation of stable mineral-associated organic carbon (chemically resistant fine silt and clay fraction (NaOCl resistant < 20 μm), heavy fraction of fine silt and clay (HF < 20 μm), and micro-aggregate in aggregate fraction (> 53 μm in agg)) at the 20–30 cm depth. In the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers, the sensitivity index (SI) of > 53 μm (500.60% and 560.22%, respectively) was the highest under MN treatment, while in the 20–30 cm layer, the SI of micro-aggregate (53–250 μm) (413.30%) was the highest.

Conclusions

Long-term fertilization, especially the application of organic fertilizer, can effectively promote SOC content and regulate its fraction, and there are significant differences in the effects of different fertilization strategies on SOC fractions.

Graphical Abstract