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<p> The inherent mineralogical properties of rock phosphate (RP) directly influence its structural transformation,&#xa0;phosphorus (P) solubility, and agronomic effectiveness. However, the extent to which these properties predict the reactivity and solubility behavior of RP during partial activation remains unclear. In this study, we compared two Moroccan rocks with different fluorapatite contents for their acidification and solubility in a weak acid and evaluated their P solubility in water and 2% citric acid, as well as their relative agronomy efficiency (RAE). The two types of RPs, one a highly reactive (RP1-B) and the other low-reactive RP (RP2-K), were partially acidulated with triple superphosphate (TSP), at seven different acidulation ratios, the mineralogical phases of the untreated and treated samples were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction/Rietveld refinement and FTIR spectroscopy of RPs. P-solubility was evaluated in water and 2% citric acid, and the&#xa0;RAE was&#xa0;investigated using maize in greenhouse experiments. The mineral transformation during acidulation indicated that the gradual formation of dicalcium phosphate, the content of which was higher in RP2-K (27%) than in RP1-B (23%), implying the differences in the crystalline mineral characteristics of the two RPs. The RP1-B was highly reactive in water, but less reactive in 2% citric acid compared to RP2-K, which scored higher P solubility in 2 % citric acid, but a lower P solubility in water than RP1-B, that is attributed to the difference in the initial fluorapatite content. The greenhouse experiment showed a more favorable RAE for the 57.5:42.5 (RP: TSP) mix which achieved the maximum biomass production of 1.6 g per plant, of which correlated with higher P solubility in the 2% citric acid for RP2-K. Partial acidulation induced the transformation of crystalline RP into more reactive calcium phosphate phases, thereby increasing P solubility and uptake by maize plants.</p>

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Activation of Natural Rock Phosphate Granules Through Partial Acidulation With Triple Super Phosphate and Testing Agronomic Use Efficiency in Maize Plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Youness Sedki Alaoui,
  • Yuriy Sakhno,
  • Matheus Barreto,
  • Adil Chakir,
  • Deb Jaisi,
  • Mohamed Hafidi,
  • Martin Jemo

摘要

The inherent mineralogical properties of rock phosphate (RP) directly influence its structural transformation, phosphorus (P) solubility, and agronomic effectiveness. However, the extent to which these properties predict the reactivity and solubility behavior of RP during partial activation remains unclear. In this study, we compared two Moroccan rocks with different fluorapatite contents for their acidification and solubility in a weak acid and evaluated their P solubility in water and 2% citric acid, as well as their relative agronomy efficiency (RAE). The two types of RPs, one a highly reactive (RP1-B) and the other low-reactive RP (RP2-K), were partially acidulated with triple superphosphate (TSP), at seven different acidulation ratios, the mineralogical phases of the untreated and treated samples were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction/Rietveld refinement and FTIR spectroscopy of RPs. P-solubility was evaluated in water and 2% citric acid, and the RAE was investigated using maize in greenhouse experiments. The mineral transformation during acidulation indicated that the gradual formation of dicalcium phosphate, the content of which was higher in RP2-K (27%) than in RP1-B (23%), implying the differences in the crystalline mineral characteristics of the two RPs. The RP1-B was highly reactive in water, but less reactive in 2% citric acid compared to RP2-K, which scored higher P solubility in 2 % citric acid, but a lower P solubility in water than RP1-B, that is attributed to the difference in the initial fluorapatite content. The greenhouse experiment showed a more favorable RAE for the 57.5:42.5 (RP: TSP) mix which achieved the maximum biomass production of 1.6 g per plant, of which correlated with higher P solubility in the 2% citric acid for RP2-K. Partial acidulation induced the transformation of crystalline RP into more reactive calcium phosphate phases, thereby increasing P solubility and uptake by maize plants.