<p>The application of biochar in chromium (Cr)-contaminated soils represents a sustainable and efficient agricultural management strategy that can promote soil remediation, improve soil quality, with potential co-benefits for sustainable agriculture. To systematically assess research progress and emerging trends in this field, this study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 1,142 documents (2011–2023) from the Web of Science Core Collection using the CiteSpace visualization tool. The study identified key contributors, including major countries such as China, the United States, and India, as well as leading institutions, authors, and high-impact journals. Notably, modified biochar, including magnetic biochar, nano zero-valent iron–supported biochar, and acid-/alkali-treated variants, has become a major research focus because of its enhanced adsorption performance and stability. Over time, research themes have shifted from fundamental studies on biomass pyrolysis and adsorption mechanisms to applications of engineered biochar, including potential synergistic effects on chromium speciation transformation (e.g., reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III)), soil biochemistry, and microbial community dynamics. Future research should prioritize: (i) optimizing biochar synthesis and functionalization and integrating novel materials to improve cost-effectiveness and scalability, and (ii) exploring integrated management approaches that combine modified biochar with efficient irrigation (drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation), water-fertilizer integration technologies, and novel fertilizers to enhance remediation efficiency, soil productivity, and crop yields. These advances can support heavy-metal remediation and food security while aligning with sustainable development goals. The findings highlight the potential of biochar-based solutions for addressing environmental and agricultural challenges.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>