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<p>High-temperature stress at reproductive stage in rice severely impacts productivity and grain quality, posing a significant risk to food security under climate change. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of high-temperature stress on morpho-physiological, biochemical, yield and quality attributes of fine rice and identify an optimal foliar silicon (Si) dose for stress alleviation. A two-year pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions using a completely randomized design (CRD) with split-plot arrangements. Two temperature regimes, ambient temperature (H<sub>0</sub>) and heat stress (HS) at flowering (H<sub>1</sub>), were imposed, along with four levels of Si (2, 4, 6, and 8 mM). Morphological traits were not significantly affected by HS imposition, but it noticeably reduced the photosynthetic pigments, activities of antioxidant enzymes, osmoprotectant accumulation, yield and grain quality, while increasing oxidative stress markers. Application of Si at flowering, especially an 8 mM concentration, remarkably improved the chlorophyll content, antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), accumulation of osmolytes (soluble proteins and proline), and yield-related traits, while reducing oxidative stress markers. Additional confirmation of the clustering of Si-treated plants with favorable physiological and yield traits under HS came from principal component analysis (PCA). Overall, foliar application of Si at flowering, especially at 8 mM, improved antioxidant defense, maintained photosynthetic activity, and preserved grain quality and yield under high-temperature stress, all of which substantially increased thermotolerance.</p>

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Silicon Role in Improving Leaf Physiology, Yield and Quality of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under High Temperature Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Rania Baloch,
  • Muhammad Farrukh Saleem,
  • Muhammad Awais Arshad,
  • Abdul Rehman,
  • Aqsa Baloch,
  • Muhammad Sarwar,
  • Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid

摘要

High-temperature stress at reproductive stage in rice severely impacts productivity and grain quality, posing a significant risk to food security under climate change. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of high-temperature stress on morpho-physiological, biochemical, yield and quality attributes of fine rice and identify an optimal foliar silicon (Si) dose for stress alleviation. A two-year pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions using a completely randomized design (CRD) with split-plot arrangements. Two temperature regimes, ambient temperature (H0) and heat stress (HS) at flowering (H1), were imposed, along with four levels of Si (2, 4, 6, and 8 mM). Morphological traits were not significantly affected by HS imposition, but it noticeably reduced the photosynthetic pigments, activities of antioxidant enzymes, osmoprotectant accumulation, yield and grain quality, while increasing oxidative stress markers. Application of Si at flowering, especially an 8 mM concentration, remarkably improved the chlorophyll content, antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), accumulation of osmolytes (soluble proteins and proline), and yield-related traits, while reducing oxidative stress markers. Additional confirmation of the clustering of Si-treated plants with favorable physiological and yield traits under HS came from principal component analysis (PCA). Overall, foliar application of Si at flowering, especially at 8 mM, improved antioxidant defense, maintained photosynthetic activity, and preserved grain quality and yield under high-temperature stress, all of which substantially increased thermotolerance.