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<p>As intensive farming and urbanization proceed, the soaring manure and organic household waste poses a serious threat to environments. Black soldier fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) can efficiently convert this waste into high-protein insect feed, easing the protein feed shortage in farming, while producing black soldier fly (BSF) frass. Yet, the viability of using BSF frass as organic fertilizer is still under debate. This study investigates the effects of BSF on plants growth and soil properties by meta-analysis. Results revealed that BSF frass has reduced seed germination rate by 13.64% and sprouting potential by 21.44%. Nevertheless, it spurs a 5.57% and 6.79% increase in leaf number and area, and boosts total chlorophyll by 0.75%, enhancing photosynthetic rates. It also elevates soil microbial carbon, fungal and bacterial biomass by 40.92%, 3.41% and 3.02%. What’s more, it drives a 23.71% and 5.10% rise in shoot and root biomass. In addition, it raises foliar soluble protein by 46.73%, foliar copper and magnesium content by 29.38% and 19.63%. Importantly, it reduces heavy metal accumulation: foliar cadmium, seed cadmium, foliar lead, and seed lead contents decrease by 32.47%, 51.54%, 17.03%, and 34.06%, respectively. However, its tendency to increase foliar nitrate content by 29.67% warrants caution. These findings highlight the frass’s potential to enhance ecosystem carbon sequestration. Similarly, BSF is best utilized in non-leafy, non-fruit crops and in the remediation of lead- and cadmium-contaminated environments.</p>

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Effects of Black Soldier Fly Frass on Plant Growth by Meta-Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Baocheng Zhang,
  • Yangkui Xue,
  • Changbin Pan,
  • Gang Zeng

摘要

As intensive farming and urbanization proceed, the soaring manure and organic household waste poses a serious threat to environments. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) can efficiently convert this waste into high-protein insect feed, easing the protein feed shortage in farming, while producing black soldier fly (BSF) frass. Yet, the viability of using BSF frass as organic fertilizer is still under debate. This study investigates the effects of BSF on plants growth and soil properties by meta-analysis. Results revealed that BSF frass has reduced seed germination rate by 13.64% and sprouting potential by 21.44%. Nevertheless, it spurs a 5.57% and 6.79% increase in leaf number and area, and boosts total chlorophyll by 0.75%, enhancing photosynthetic rates. It also elevates soil microbial carbon, fungal and bacterial biomass by 40.92%, 3.41% and 3.02%. What’s more, it drives a 23.71% and 5.10% rise in shoot and root biomass. In addition, it raises foliar soluble protein by 46.73%, foliar copper and magnesium content by 29.38% and 19.63%. Importantly, it reduces heavy metal accumulation: foliar cadmium, seed cadmium, foliar lead, and seed lead contents decrease by 32.47%, 51.54%, 17.03%, and 34.06%, respectively. However, its tendency to increase foliar nitrate content by 29.67% warrants caution. These findings highlight the frass’s potential to enhance ecosystem carbon sequestration. Similarly, BSF is best utilized in non-leafy, non-fruit crops and in the remediation of lead- and cadmium-contaminated environments.