Optimizing Zinc Biofortification in Wheat With 4R Nutrient Stewardship Approach for Sustainable Micronutrient Management
摘要
Zinc (Zn) deficiency remains a critical constraint to both wheat productivity and human nutrition, particularly in regions dependent on cereal-based diets. Agronomic biofortification, guided by the 4R Nutrient Stewardship framework Right Source, Right Rate, Right Time, and Right Place offers a pragmatic and scalable solution to enhance grain Zn content while sustaining yield. This review synthesizes current knowledge on Zn dynamics in soil-plant systems, its physiological and biochemical roles in wheat growth, and the agronomic strategies that optimize Zn use efficiency. Emphasis is placed on integrated nutrient management, novel fertilizer technologies (including nano-fertilizers), and genotype-specific responses to Zn application. Furthermore, the review highlights research gaps such as the need for field-scale validation of nanotechnology, microbial interactions, and human health impact assessments. A holistic approach combining precision agronomy, genetic potential, and emerging digital tools for precision zinc application is proposed to ensure sustainable Zn biofortification outcomes. This review demonstrates that integrating Zn biofortification with the 4R nutrient stewardship framework offers a practical and scalable roadmap for increasing zinc concentration in wheat grains, thereby enhancing dietary zinc intake and directly addressing hidden hunger in cereal-dependent populations.
Graphical Abstract