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<p>This study investigated the synergistic effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and bone-derived biochar amendments for chromium (Cr) remediation in contaminated soils from the heavily polluted Noyyal River sediments, India. Two bacterial strains, <i>Rosellomorea vietnamensis</i> and <i>Bacillus siamensis</i>, were isolated and characterized for their PGPR activities. Goat bone biochar was produced through pyrolysis at 350&#xa0;°C and applied in combination with bacterial inoculants to Cr-contaminated soil in pot experiments using pearl millet. The combined treatments of biochar along with PGPR significantly enhanced soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and soil organic carbon (SOC) compared to the control condition. Plant growth parameters significantly improved with the combined treatment of biochar and PGPR. Antioxidant enzyme activities were substantially enhanced, with peroxidase increasing by 66.7% while malondialdehyde content decreased by 94.1%, indicating effective stress mitigation. Soil enzyme activities improved significantly, with β-glucosidase, sucrase, phosphatase, and urease increasing by 33.3%, 6.1%, 24.4%, and 35.0%, respectively. Importantly, Cr fractionation analysis revealed that combined treatments achieved a 50% reduction in the most mobile F1 fraction while increasing the stable F4 fraction to 37–40%. Overall, the results indicated that the application of biochar along with PGPR influences better plant growth and reduces the accumulation of Cr in pearl millet. The PGPR-biochar reduced root Cr accumulation by 64.3% and improved soil enzymatic activities. So, we recommend these approaches to reduce heavy metal accumulation in edible crop parts. The implication of this approach can lead to future food security and prevent heavy metal exposure in humans <i>via</i> the food chain.</p>

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Synergistic Application of Bone-derived Biochar and Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria for Enhanced Chromium Phytoremediation Using Pearl Millet

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Minisha Udhayakumar,
  • Mohammed Safvan Pazhedath,
  • Rashi Jeru,
  • Muhammad Azeem,
  • Rajkumar Mani,
  • Ayyappa Das Madhubala Parameswaran,
  • Thumadath Palayullaparambil Ajeesh Krishna,
  • Parimala Gnana Soundari Arockiam Jeyasundar,
  • Stanislaus Antony Ceasar

摘要

This study investigated the synergistic effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and bone-derived biochar amendments for chromium (Cr) remediation in contaminated soils from the heavily polluted Noyyal River sediments, India. Two bacterial strains, Rosellomorea vietnamensis and Bacillus siamensis, were isolated and characterized for their PGPR activities. Goat bone biochar was produced through pyrolysis at 350 °C and applied in combination with bacterial inoculants to Cr-contaminated soil in pot experiments using pearl millet. The combined treatments of biochar along with PGPR significantly enhanced soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and soil organic carbon (SOC) compared to the control condition. Plant growth parameters significantly improved with the combined treatment of biochar and PGPR. Antioxidant enzyme activities were substantially enhanced, with peroxidase increasing by 66.7% while malondialdehyde content decreased by 94.1%, indicating effective stress mitigation. Soil enzyme activities improved significantly, with β-glucosidase, sucrase, phosphatase, and urease increasing by 33.3%, 6.1%, 24.4%, and 35.0%, respectively. Importantly, Cr fractionation analysis revealed that combined treatments achieved a 50% reduction in the most mobile F1 fraction while increasing the stable F4 fraction to 37–40%. Overall, the results indicated that the application of biochar along with PGPR influences better plant growth and reduces the accumulation of Cr in pearl millet. The PGPR-biochar reduced root Cr accumulation by 64.3% and improved soil enzymatic activities. So, we recommend these approaches to reduce heavy metal accumulation in edible crop parts. The implication of this approach can lead to future food security and prevent heavy metal exposure in humans via the food chain.