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<p>Soil salinity is a major constraint to cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study reports the discovery and functional validation of a novel cotton-associated bacterium, <i>Enterobacter gossypi</i> sp. nov., (strain RT) with the ability to alleviate salinity stress through antioxidant modulation.&#xa0;A bacterial strain (RT), isolated from the cotton rhizosphere, was identified as a distinct new species through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. Its salt tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits were assessed in vitro, while its salinity stress alleviation potential was evaluated in pot experiments (200 mM NaCl) in comparison with the cotton-isolated <i>Pantoea agglomeran</i>s (CSR). Morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameters, including peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde, were analyzed.&#xa0;Phylogenetic analysis identified strain RT as a novel species, <i>Enterobacter gossypi</i> sp. nov. Strain RT exhibited multiple plant growth-promoting traits, including indole-3-acetic acid, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, catalase, and protease, and maintained growth up to 10% NaCl. Inoculation with <i>E. gossypi</i> sp. nov. significantly improved cotton growth under salt stress, increasing root length by 23.72% compared with uninoculated salt-stressed plants. RT enhanced antioxidant defense by increasing peroxidase (17.12%), superoxide dismutase (4.14%), and proline accumulation (30.66%), while reducing hydrogen peroxide (12.83%) and malondialdehyde (12.53%). Although CSR showed higher halotolerance, RT effectively mitigated salinity stress in cotton.&#xa0;<i>Enterobacter gossypi</i> sp. nov. is a novel cotton rhizosphere-adapted plant growth promoting bacteria that alleviates salinity stress through antioxidant modulation, improving cotton growth under salt-affected conditions, with potential as a bioinoculant for sustainable agriculture.</p>

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Discovery and Functional Evaluation of Enterobacter gossypi sp. nov. (RT) for Salinity Stress Alleviation in Cotton

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Abid Ullah,
  • Aqsa Bibi,
  • Ma Yonghui,
  • Muhammad Atif Azeem,
  • Ali Hazrat,
  • Yasir Arafat,
  • Caixia Han,
  • Nigora Kuchkarova,
  • Hua Shao

摘要

Soil salinity is a major constraint to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study reports the discovery and functional validation of a novel cotton-associated bacterium, Enterobacter gossypi sp. nov., (strain RT) with the ability to alleviate salinity stress through antioxidant modulation. A bacterial strain (RT), isolated from the cotton rhizosphere, was identified as a distinct new species through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. Its salt tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits were assessed in vitro, while its salinity stress alleviation potential was evaluated in pot experiments (200 mM NaCl) in comparison with the cotton-isolated Pantoea agglomerans (CSR). Morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameters, including peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde, were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis identified strain RT as a novel species, Enterobacter gossypi sp. nov. Strain RT exhibited multiple plant growth-promoting traits, including indole-3-acetic acid, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, catalase, and protease, and maintained growth up to 10% NaCl. Inoculation with E. gossypi sp. nov. significantly improved cotton growth under salt stress, increasing root length by 23.72% compared with uninoculated salt-stressed plants. RT enhanced antioxidant defense by increasing peroxidase (17.12%), superoxide dismutase (4.14%), and proline accumulation (30.66%), while reducing hydrogen peroxide (12.83%) and malondialdehyde (12.53%). Although CSR showed higher halotolerance, RT effectively mitigated salinity stress in cotton. Enterobacter gossypi sp. nov. is a novel cotton rhizosphere-adapted plant growth promoting bacteria that alleviates salinity stress through antioxidant modulation, improving cotton growth under salt-affected conditions, with potential as a bioinoculant for sustainable agriculture.