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<p>Soil biological health is critical for sustaining productivity in arid regions, where long-term management history strongly influences soil functioning. This study compared soil biological indicators and productivity under diversified legume-based crop rotations across farming systems with contrasting management histories in an arid environment.&#xa0;A field experiment was conducted over four seasons (Rabi 2021–22 to Kharif 2023) using four crop rotations evaluated under long-term organically managed and recently converted conventional systems. Soil microbial populations, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) activity were measured at key crop growth stages, along with system productivity expressed as psyllium equivalent yield.&#xa0;Soils under long-term organic management consistently exhibited higher microbial populations, MBC and enzyme activities than the recently converted conventional system. Maximum microbial activity and MBC occurred at 60 days after sowing across systems. The crop rotations psyllium–mung bean–fenugreek–sesame and psyllium–sesame–fenugreek–mung bean were associated with higher biological activity irrespective of system. A significant crop rotation × system interaction on yield was observed only during Rabi 2021–22, whereas in later seasons yield differences were driven primarily by crop rotation, with no significant main effect of farming system.&#xa0;Long-term organically managed systems exhibit enhanced soil biological status compared with recently converted conventional systems in arid agro-ecosystems. These differences reflect integrated system-level outcomes shaped by management history and baseline soil conditions, rather than isolated farming system effects.</p>

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Comparative Effects of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems with Diversified Crop Rotations on Soil Microbial Dynamics and Productivity Under Arid Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月3日

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  • Devendra Singh,
  • Mahipal Choudhary,
  • Arun Kumar Sharma,
  • Pramendra

摘要

Soil biological health is critical for sustaining productivity in arid regions, where long-term management history strongly influences soil functioning. This study compared soil biological indicators and productivity under diversified legume-based crop rotations across farming systems with contrasting management histories in an arid environment. A field experiment was conducted over four seasons (Rabi 2021–22 to Kharif 2023) using four crop rotations evaluated under long-term organically managed and recently converted conventional systems. Soil microbial populations, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) activity were measured at key crop growth stages, along with system productivity expressed as psyllium equivalent yield. Soils under long-term organic management consistently exhibited higher microbial populations, MBC and enzyme activities than the recently converted conventional system. Maximum microbial activity and MBC occurred at 60 days after sowing across systems. The crop rotations psyllium–mung bean–fenugreek–sesame and psyllium–sesame–fenugreek–mung bean were associated with higher biological activity irrespective of system. A significant crop rotation × system interaction on yield was observed only during Rabi 2021–22, whereas in later seasons yield differences were driven primarily by crop rotation, with no significant main effect of farming system. Long-term organically managed systems exhibit enhanced soil biological status compared with recently converted conventional systems in arid agro-ecosystems. These differences reflect integrated system-level outcomes shaped by management history and baseline soil conditions, rather than isolated farming system effects.