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<p>The alkaline and nutrient-poor soils of Hongsha Ridge (Nanxiong, Guangdong) severely limit vegetation growth, rendering organic fertilization a crucial strategy for soil improvement and ecological restoration. This study evaluated the mechanisms by which various organic fertilizers enhance soil health and promote plant growth in degraded environments. Specifically, cow, sheep, horse, and chicken manure were examined. Using a pot experiment with <i>Sorghum sudanense</i>, we examined changes in soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and bacterial community diversity. Our findings demonstrated that all organic amendments significantly increased soil organic matter content, nutrient availability, and the activity of most enzymes, with only marginal effects on soil pH. Chicken manure most effectively boosted organic matter and available potassium, while cow manure significantly improved total nitrogen, urease, and nitrate reductase activities. Sheep manure resulted in the greatest enhancement of alkaline phosphatase activity, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and plant chlorophyll content, which increased by 52.14%. Microbial community analysis revealed a predominance of Proteobacteria across all treatments, with sheep manure notably increasing bacterial α-diversity. This study reveals that different organic fertilizers create unique improvement pathways, sheep manure enhances microbial diversity and phosphorus availability, chicken manure rapidly increases organic matter and potassium, while cow manure strengthens nitrogen-related enzymes. These tailored mechanisms collectively enhance soil functionality and plant performance, providing a targeted framework for organic amendment selection in the restoration of degraded alkaline ecosystems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Differential Effects of Four Organic Fertilizers on Soil Quality, Plant Growth, and Bacterial Community Structure in the Nutrient-Poor Alkaline Soil of Southern China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Mingyu Xu,
  • Tianyu Zhao,
  • Sheng Zhou

摘要

The alkaline and nutrient-poor soils of Hongsha Ridge (Nanxiong, Guangdong) severely limit vegetation growth, rendering organic fertilization a crucial strategy for soil improvement and ecological restoration. This study evaluated the mechanisms by which various organic fertilizers enhance soil health and promote plant growth in degraded environments. Specifically, cow, sheep, horse, and chicken manure were examined. Using a pot experiment with Sorghum sudanense, we examined changes in soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and bacterial community diversity. Our findings demonstrated that all organic amendments significantly increased soil organic matter content, nutrient availability, and the activity of most enzymes, with only marginal effects on soil pH. Chicken manure most effectively boosted organic matter and available potassium, while cow manure significantly improved total nitrogen, urease, and nitrate reductase activities. Sheep manure resulted in the greatest enhancement of alkaline phosphatase activity, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and plant chlorophyll content, which increased by 52.14%. Microbial community analysis revealed a predominance of Proteobacteria across all treatments, with sheep manure notably increasing bacterial α-diversity. This study reveals that different organic fertilizers create unique improvement pathways, sheep manure enhances microbial diversity and phosphorus availability, chicken manure rapidly increases organic matter and potassium, while cow manure strengthens nitrogen-related enzymes. These tailored mechanisms collectively enhance soil functionality and plant performance, providing a targeted framework for organic amendment selection in the restoration of degraded alkaline ecosystems.

Graphical Abstract