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<p>The CRISPR–Cas genome editing technology has revolutionized plant biology by enabling precise, efficient, and versatile genetic modifications. This review synthesizes recent advances in CRISPR-based engineering of abiotic stress tolerance in plants, with emphasis on mechanistic targets, editing modalities, and translational readiness. The effective delivery of CRISPR–Cas components into higher plant cells remains a significant challenge. We summarize current strategies, including <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation, particle bombardment, and emerging DNA-free methods. Focusing on abiotic stress resistance, we evaluate CRISPR-based editing of specific target classes, including ion transporters (e.g., HKT and SOS), transcription factors (e.g., OsDST, MAPKs), and metal transporters (e.g., NRAMPs), linking genome edits to physiological outcomes such as improved ion homeostasis, photosynthetic stability, and yield-related traits. Beyond traditional applications, integrating CRISPR with synthetic biology offers new opportunities for developing resilient, climate-adapted crops with customized metabolic and regulatory pathways. We further compare editing modalities in terms of biosafety, regulatory status, and technology readiness. Collectively, this review provides a structured framework linking abiotic stress type, target gene family, genome-editing modality, and translational feasibility, offering a clear roadmap for the development of abiotic stress–resilient crops.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Engineering Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants Using CRISPR Cas: From Molecular Targets to Physiological Resilience

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Komal Sharma,
  • Upma Bhatt,
  • Vineet Soni

摘要

The CRISPR–Cas genome editing technology has revolutionized plant biology by enabling precise, efficient, and versatile genetic modifications. This review synthesizes recent advances in CRISPR-based engineering of abiotic stress tolerance in plants, with emphasis on mechanistic targets, editing modalities, and translational readiness. The effective delivery of CRISPR–Cas components into higher plant cells remains a significant challenge. We summarize current strategies, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, particle bombardment, and emerging DNA-free methods. Focusing on abiotic stress resistance, we evaluate CRISPR-based editing of specific target classes, including ion transporters (e.g., HKT and SOS), transcription factors (e.g., OsDST, MAPKs), and metal transporters (e.g., NRAMPs), linking genome edits to physiological outcomes such as improved ion homeostasis, photosynthetic stability, and yield-related traits. Beyond traditional applications, integrating CRISPR with synthetic biology offers new opportunities for developing resilient, climate-adapted crops with customized metabolic and regulatory pathways. We further compare editing modalities in terms of biosafety, regulatory status, and technology readiness. Collectively, this review provides a structured framework linking abiotic stress type, target gene family, genome-editing modality, and translational feasibility, offering a clear roadmap for the development of abiotic stress–resilient crops.

Graphical Abstract