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<p>This study examined how two tillage practices (rotary tillage and no-tillage) affected fungal community structure and diversity in Andosols and maize roots in Japan. While soil microbes play a key role in crop productivity, the effects of tillage on fungal communities in Andosols remain unclear. We analyzed fungal communities in soil before sowing and in maize roots at the silking stage over two consecutive years (2019–2020). A fragment of the ITS2 region of the fungal rRNA gene was amplified for fungal community analysis in maize roots and soil, and community structures were characterized using Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, as well as dominant classes such as Agaricomycetes, exhibited significant tillage × year interactions. Additionally, several species, including <i>Minimedusa polyspora</i> and <i>Tausonia pullulans</i>, responded to multiple combinations of tillage, year, and sample type. Functional guild composition differed with tillage and year, with guilds related to filamentous growth, wood decay, and plant pathogenicity showing distinct main or interactive effects depending on the soil or root compartment. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicated that soil fungal communities were structured primarily by interannual variation, whereas root-endophytic communities were shaped by both tillage and the tillage × year interaction. Soil and root communities remained clearly separated regardless of treatment or year. Taken together, tillage and interannual environmental variation jointly shaped fungal diversity, community structure, and functional guilds in our study. While α-diversity and root communities responded mainly to tillage × year interactions, soil–root differentiation remained stable. These results underscore the combined roles of management and year-to-year climate variability in regulating belowground fungal assemblages.</p>

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Soil and Root Endophytic Fungal Communities and Diversity as Affected By Different Tillage Practices in a Maize Cultivation System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Masao Higo,
  • Yuya Tatewaki,
  • Wataru Hashimoto,
  • Yohei Sasaki,
  • Wan-Yi Chiou,
  • Katsunori Isobe

摘要

This study examined how two tillage practices (rotary tillage and no-tillage) affected fungal community structure and diversity in Andosols and maize roots in Japan. While soil microbes play a key role in crop productivity, the effects of tillage on fungal communities in Andosols remain unclear. We analyzed fungal communities in soil before sowing and in maize roots at the silking stage over two consecutive years (2019–2020). A fragment of the ITS2 region of the fungal rRNA gene was amplified for fungal community analysis in maize roots and soil, and community structures were characterized using Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, as well as dominant classes such as Agaricomycetes, exhibited significant tillage × year interactions. Additionally, several species, including Minimedusa polyspora and Tausonia pullulans, responded to multiple combinations of tillage, year, and sample type. Functional guild composition differed with tillage and year, with guilds related to filamentous growth, wood decay, and plant pathogenicity showing distinct main or interactive effects depending on the soil or root compartment. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicated that soil fungal communities were structured primarily by interannual variation, whereas root-endophytic communities were shaped by both tillage and the tillage × year interaction. Soil and root communities remained clearly separated regardless of treatment or year. Taken together, tillage and interannual environmental variation jointly shaped fungal diversity, community structure, and functional guilds in our study. While α-diversity and root communities responded mainly to tillage × year interactions, soil–root differentiation remained stable. These results underscore the combined roles of management and year-to-year climate variability in regulating belowground fungal assemblages.