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<p>High temperatures during sowing adversely affect soybean germination, establishment and yield. This study evaluated the combined effects of sowing dates and seed priming with polyethylene glycol and beneficial rhizobacteria as agronomic interventions to improve soybean performance under high-temperature environments.&#xa0;Field experiments were conducted during the <i>Kharif</i> seasons (2021 and 2022) at Ludhiana (semi-arid) and Ballowal Saunkhri (semi-arid to sub-humid), Punjab, India. The experimental design included two sowing dates (5 June and 25 June) and eight seed priming treatments: absolute control (without seed priming), polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 solution at -1.5 MPa, <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>, <i>Pseudomonas oryzihabitans</i>, <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> + <i>Pseudomonas oryzihabitans</i>, <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> + PEG at -1.5 MPa, <i>Pseudomonas oryzihabitans</i> + PEG at -1.5&#xa0;MPa and <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> + <i>Pseudomonas oryzihabitans</i> + PEG at -1.5&#xa0;MPa, laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications.&#xa0;Although 25 June sowing recorded higher mean emergence, 5 June sowing significantly enhanced crop growth rate (up to 15.42&#xa0;g m⁻² day⁻¹), seed yield (1.52 times higher), and net returns (up to US$ 704&#xa0;ha⁻¹). Among seed priming treatments, co-inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> + <i>Pseudomonas oryzihabitans</i> significantly improved emergence, seed yield (up to 1.39 times higher) and profitability (up to US$ 677&#xa0;ha⁻¹).&#xa0;The findings suggest that 5 June sowing combined with microbial seed priming, particularly co-inoculation of <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> + <i>Pseudomonas oryzihabitans</i>, effectively enhanced soybean emergence, productivity and profitability under high-temperature sowing conditions.</p>

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Seed Priming Strategies with Rhizobacteria Under Thermal Stress Modulate the Emergence, Growth, Yield and Economic Potential of Soybean

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Simranpreet Singh Bola,
  • Harpreet Kaur Virk,
  • Anil Khokhar,
  • Navjyot Kaur,
  • Poonam Sharma

摘要

High temperatures during sowing adversely affect soybean germination, establishment and yield. This study evaluated the combined effects of sowing dates and seed priming with polyethylene glycol and beneficial rhizobacteria as agronomic interventions to improve soybean performance under high-temperature environments. Field experiments were conducted during the Kharif seasons (2021 and 2022) at Ludhiana (semi-arid) and Ballowal Saunkhri (semi-arid to sub-humid), Punjab, India. The experimental design included two sowing dates (5 June and 25 June) and eight seed priming treatments: absolute control (without seed priming), polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 solution at -1.5 MPa, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Bradyrhizobium japonicum + Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Bradyrhizobium japonicum + PEG at -1.5 MPa, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans + PEG at -1.5 MPa and Bradyrhizobium japonicum + Pseudomonas oryzihabitans + PEG at -1.5 MPa, laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Although 25 June sowing recorded higher mean emergence, 5 June sowing significantly enhanced crop growth rate (up to 15.42 g m⁻² day⁻¹), seed yield (1.52 times higher), and net returns (up to US$ 704 ha⁻¹). Among seed priming treatments, co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum + Pseudomonas oryzihabitans significantly improved emergence, seed yield (up to 1.39 times higher) and profitability (up to US$ 677 ha⁻¹). The findings suggest that 5 June sowing combined with microbial seed priming, particularly co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum + Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, effectively enhanced soybean emergence, productivity and profitability under high-temperature sowing conditions.