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<p>Biochar is a promising soil amendment material. Soil reinforcement by roots is important to control slope stability and soil erosion. The effect of biochar on root reinforcement remains insufficiently characterized‌. To understand the effect of biochar on soil reinforcement of loess by herbaceous plant roots, root morphology investigation and direct shear tests were carried out on ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.) and vetiver (<i>Vetiveria zizanioides</i> L.) rooted loess samples with 0%, 2%, 5%, 7% and 10% (mass ratio) biochar applications.&#xa0;The results demonstrated that biochar decreased cohesion and increased the internal friction angle of the non-rooted loess, which was detrimental to the shear strength of the non-root loess. However, biochar significantly enhanced root morphology in the rooted loess, especially by increasing root length and fine root density, thereby increasing the cohesion and internal friction angle. This further enhanced the shear strength of the rooted loess, showing biochar improved soil reinforcement by roots. Particularly, compared to the control (0% biochar application), the 5% biochar application increased root length by 134.53% (ryegrass) and 128.87% (vetiver), and increased shear strength of the rooted loess by 38.04%-56.26% (ryegrass) and 19.58%-52.07% (vetiver), but excessive or insufficient biochar application was less effective in reinforcing loess through root growth. Consequently, for slope stabilization projects in the loess regions, a 5% biochar application is recommended to optimize soil reinforcement by plant roots.</p>

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Biochar Alters Loess Reinforcement By Herbaceous Plant Roots

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Ruihan Jiang,
  • Yuanke Shen,
  • Jing Jiang,
  • Qihong Yang,
  • Chaobo Zhang

摘要

Biochar is a promising soil amendment material. Soil reinforcement by roots is important to control slope stability and soil erosion. The effect of biochar on root reinforcement remains insufficiently characterized‌. To understand the effect of biochar on soil reinforcement of loess by herbaceous plant roots, root morphology investigation and direct shear tests were carried out on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) rooted loess samples with 0%, 2%, 5%, 7% and 10% (mass ratio) biochar applications. The results demonstrated that biochar decreased cohesion and increased the internal friction angle of the non-rooted loess, which was detrimental to the shear strength of the non-root loess. However, biochar significantly enhanced root morphology in the rooted loess, especially by increasing root length and fine root density, thereby increasing the cohesion and internal friction angle. This further enhanced the shear strength of the rooted loess, showing biochar improved soil reinforcement by roots. Particularly, compared to the control (0% biochar application), the 5% biochar application increased root length by 134.53% (ryegrass) and 128.87% (vetiver), and increased shear strength of the rooted loess by 38.04%-56.26% (ryegrass) and 19.58%-52.07% (vetiver), but excessive or insufficient biochar application was less effective in reinforcing loess through root growth. Consequently, for slope stabilization projects in the loess regions, a 5% biochar application is recommended to optimize soil reinforcement by plant roots.