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<p>Purpose: Rice production faces the dual challenge of improving grain yield and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One-time basal application of controlled-release blended fertilizer (CRBF), an innovative fertilization strategy, has shown promise in increasing nitrogen (N) use efficiency, rice yield, and economic benefits. However, its influence on GHG emissions remains unclear. Methods: A two-year field experiment (2022–2023) was carried out in a rice–wheat rotation system to evaluate the effects of CRBF on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions as well as rice productivity. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the impacts of controlled-release N fertilizers (CRF) on GHG emissions and rice yield worldwide. Results: Compared to conventional fertilization (CF), CRBF significantly reduced cumulative CH<sub>4</sub> (-13.4%) and N<sub>2</sub>O (-21.0%) emissions while increasing rice yield (+ 3.7%). As a result, CRBF lowered global warming potential (GWP) by 13.5% and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) by 16.4%. CRBF increased the concentration of soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, which in turn promoted rice tillering, the activity of root oxidation, and the concentration of malic acid in the root exudates. These positive morphological and physiological characteristics were associated with a higher abundance of <i>pmoA</i> gene and an increased ratio of <i>pomA</i>/<i>mcrA</i>, thereby favoring CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation. Nanjing 9108 exhibited higher yield (+ 2.4%) and lower CH<sub>4</sub> emissions (-20.4%), GWP (-20.2%), and GHGI (-22.1%), while maintaining N<sub>2</sub>O emissions relative to Huaidao 5. The meta-analysis further confirmed that CRF boosted rice yield (+ 6.4%) but reduced CH<sub>4</sub> (-11.8%) and N<sub>2</sub>O (-18.2%) emissions, GWP (-12.9%), and GHGI (-20.9%) compared to CF. Conclusions: Both CRBF and CRF enable the concurrent attainment of high grain yield and greenhouse gas mitigation, underscoring their potential to advance the sustainable intensification of rice production systems.</p>

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One-Time Basal Application of Controlled-Release Blended Fertilizer Increases Rice Yield While Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Ping Liao,
  • Hanmeng Du,
  • Yi Meng,
  • Wenan Weng,
  • Qiang Xu,
  • Hongcheng Zhang

摘要

Purpose: Rice production faces the dual challenge of improving grain yield and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One-time basal application of controlled-release blended fertilizer (CRBF), an innovative fertilization strategy, has shown promise in increasing nitrogen (N) use efficiency, rice yield, and economic benefits. However, its influence on GHG emissions remains unclear. Methods: A two-year field experiment (2022–2023) was carried out in a rice–wheat rotation system to evaluate the effects of CRBF on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions as well as rice productivity. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the impacts of controlled-release N fertilizers (CRF) on GHG emissions and rice yield worldwide. Results: Compared to conventional fertilization (CF), CRBF significantly reduced cumulative CH4 (-13.4%) and N2O (-21.0%) emissions while increasing rice yield (+ 3.7%). As a result, CRBF lowered global warming potential (GWP) by 13.5% and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) by 16.4%. CRBF increased the concentration of soil NH4+-N, which in turn promoted rice tillering, the activity of root oxidation, and the concentration of malic acid in the root exudates. These positive morphological and physiological characteristics were associated with a higher abundance of pmoA gene and an increased ratio of pomA/mcrA, thereby favoring CH4 oxidation. Nanjing 9108 exhibited higher yield (+ 2.4%) and lower CH4 emissions (-20.4%), GWP (-20.2%), and GHGI (-22.1%), while maintaining N2O emissions relative to Huaidao 5. The meta-analysis further confirmed that CRF boosted rice yield (+ 6.4%) but reduced CH4 (-11.8%) and N2O (-18.2%) emissions, GWP (-12.9%), and GHGI (-20.9%) compared to CF. Conclusions: Both CRBF and CRF enable the concurrent attainment of high grain yield and greenhouse gas mitigation, underscoring their potential to advance the sustainable intensification of rice production systems.