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<p>Purpose Understand changes in soil phosphorus (P) fractions at different soil depths in wheat/faba bean intercropping systems and elucidate the over-yielding and P uptake advantages in intercropping. Methods A long-term field experiment employed a factorial design with three planting patterns (mono-cropping wheat (MW), mono-cropping faba bean (MF), and wheat/faba bean intercropping and three P fertilization levels (0, 45, and 90&#xa0;kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹). Soil P fractions at various depths were analyzed using Hedley fractionation, with concurrent measurement of crop yield and P uptake. Results Complementary effect were the primary driver of over-yielding and higher P uptake in intercropping, and these benefit were not affected by P levels. Five years of intercropping depleted the inorganic P fractions extracted by NaHCO₃, NaOH, and diluted HCl in wheat’s upper soil layers (0–5&#xa0;cm and 5–10&#xa0;cm), indicating intensive P acquisition, that reduced total P in wheat surface soil (0–5&#xa0;cm). Faba bean mitigated this depletion, as higher inorganic P extracted by alkaline were observed in intercropping faba bean compare to MF. Both intercropping and P fertilizer application increased the proportion of labile P while reduced that of non-labile P in the topsoil. Crops species interactions also increased NaOH-Po and NaHCO₃-Pi at 20–40&#xa0;cm soil depth. Conclusions Wheat/faba bean intercropping changed soil P fractions throughout the profile (notably topsoil inorganic P) and increased the proportion of labile soil P. We recommend implementing rotational practices within wheat/faba bean intercropping strips combined with optimal P fertilization rates to maintain high yield and enhanced P use efficiency.</p>

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Changes in Soil Phosphorus Fractions Across Soil Depths Under Continuous Wheat-Faba Bean Intercropping

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Wenlian Bai,
  • Rong Dai,
  • Ling Qian,
  • Weiwu Changjin,
  • Li Tang,
  • Yi Zheng,
  • Jingxiu Xiao

摘要

Purpose Understand changes in soil phosphorus (P) fractions at different soil depths in wheat/faba bean intercropping systems and elucidate the over-yielding and P uptake advantages in intercropping. Methods A long-term field experiment employed a factorial design with three planting patterns (mono-cropping wheat (MW), mono-cropping faba bean (MF), and wheat/faba bean intercropping and three P fertilization levels (0, 45, and 90 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹). Soil P fractions at various depths were analyzed using Hedley fractionation, with concurrent measurement of crop yield and P uptake. Results Complementary effect were the primary driver of over-yielding and higher P uptake in intercropping, and these benefit were not affected by P levels. Five years of intercropping depleted the inorganic P fractions extracted by NaHCO₃, NaOH, and diluted HCl in wheat’s upper soil layers (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm), indicating intensive P acquisition, that reduced total P in wheat surface soil (0–5 cm). Faba bean mitigated this depletion, as higher inorganic P extracted by alkaline were observed in intercropping faba bean compare to MF. Both intercropping and P fertilizer application increased the proportion of labile P while reduced that of non-labile P in the topsoil. Crops species interactions also increased NaOH-Po and NaHCO₃-Pi at 20–40 cm soil depth. Conclusions Wheat/faba bean intercropping changed soil P fractions throughout the profile (notably topsoil inorganic P) and increased the proportion of labile soil P. We recommend implementing rotational practices within wheat/faba bean intercropping strips combined with optimal P fertilization rates to maintain high yield and enhanced P use efficiency.