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<p>This study investigated the co-utilization of composted sewage sludge (CS) and surplus activated sludge extract (SE) as sustainable substitutes for chemical fertilizers, with the aim of enhancing rice growth, grain quality, and soil fertility. A completely randomized pot experiment was conducted, including a control (chemical fertilizers) and two levels of CS (1.3 and 2.6&#xa0;g N pot<sup>−1</sup>) combined with three SE topdressing rates (0.8, 1.1, and 1.4&#xa0;g N pot<sup>−1</sup>). The protein-rich forage rice cultivar (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L. cv. Bekoaoba) was cultivated under these fertilization regimes. The highest CS and SE application rates significantly improved rice growth metrics, including tiller number, shoot biomass, and chlorophyll content, by 25% to 43% relative to the control (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, grain yield components, including panicle and spikelet counts, increased significantly under the combined CS and SE treatments, resulting in up to an 88% increase in total grain yield (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The combined application of CS and SE also increased grain protein content by 30% and improved soil fertility, with marked increases in total C (19%), N (25%), and K (23%) contents. Although metal(loid) levels in rice grains remained within safe limits for livestock feed, As concentrations exceeded the thresholds for human consumption, highlighting the need for effective mitigation strategies. This study suggested that CS and SE can effectively replace chemical fertilizers, improve crop productivity, and enhance soil health, thereby offering a viable and sustainable approach for nutrient management in agriculture.</p>

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Co-utilizing Composted Sewage Sludge and Surplus Activated Sludge Extract for Protein-Rich Rice Cultivation: an Alternative to Conventional Fertilization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Cheikh Adrame Ba,
  • Jittrera Buates,
  • Dung Viet Pham,
  • Ayumi Ito,
  • Luc Duc Phung,
  • Toru Watanabe

摘要

This study investigated the co-utilization of composted sewage sludge (CS) and surplus activated sludge extract (SE) as sustainable substitutes for chemical fertilizers, with the aim of enhancing rice growth, grain quality, and soil fertility. A completely randomized pot experiment was conducted, including a control (chemical fertilizers) and two levels of CS (1.3 and 2.6 g N pot−1) combined with three SE topdressing rates (0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 g N pot−1). The protein-rich forage rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. Bekoaoba) was cultivated under these fertilization regimes. The highest CS and SE application rates significantly improved rice growth metrics, including tiller number, shoot biomass, and chlorophyll content, by 25% to 43% relative to the control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, grain yield components, including panicle and spikelet counts, increased significantly under the combined CS and SE treatments, resulting in up to an 88% increase in total grain yield (p < 0.05). The combined application of CS and SE also increased grain protein content by 30% and improved soil fertility, with marked increases in total C (19%), N (25%), and K (23%) contents. Although metal(loid) levels in rice grains remained within safe limits for livestock feed, As concentrations exceeded the thresholds for human consumption, highlighting the need for effective mitigation strategies. This study suggested that CS and SE can effectively replace chemical fertilizers, improve crop productivity, and enhance soil health, thereby offering a viable and sustainable approach for nutrient management in agriculture.