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<p>Saline soil poses a global ecological and environmental challenge, and accurately determining its total water content—including both unfrozen water and ice—during freezing and thawing is essential for effective salinization management. This study aimed to develop a reliable method for inverting total water content in saline soils at any temperature.&#xa0;To achieve this, we improved the unfrozen water content model by incorporating the dynamically varying soluble salt content, and constructed a computational model for ice content based on the freezing rate. A new quantitative inversion method was proposed, combining theoretical modeling and experimental validation, which integrates dielectric constant, conductivity, and temperature as model inputs.&#xa0;This approach addresses the inaccuracies and distortions observed in frequency-domain (FDR) and time-domain (TDR) reflectance-based sensors under subzero conditions. It allows for the simultaneous and precise estimation of total water content, unfrozen water content, and ice content. Experimental results demonstrated that the freezing process in saline soils occurs in three distinct stages, with unfrozen water and ice content showing an inverse relationship in each stage. Comparative analysis with existing models confirmed that the proposed method significantly improved accuracy, maintaining relative errors within 2%.&#xa0;This study presents a robust inversion method that enables accurate quantification of total water content across all temperature stages during soil freezing. The findings offer critical theoretical support and a scientific reference for future research and practical applications in soil salinity monitoring and remediation.</p>

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Inverting Total Water Content of Frozen Saline Soil by the Dielectric Constant and Electrical Conductivity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Yan Song,
  • Ruomei Wang,
  • Mingtang Chai,
  • Jiashuang Yang,
  • Youqing Niu,
  • Huimin Wang

摘要

Saline soil poses a global ecological and environmental challenge, and accurately determining its total water content—including both unfrozen water and ice—during freezing and thawing is essential for effective salinization management. This study aimed to develop a reliable method for inverting total water content in saline soils at any temperature. To achieve this, we improved the unfrozen water content model by incorporating the dynamically varying soluble salt content, and constructed a computational model for ice content based on the freezing rate. A new quantitative inversion method was proposed, combining theoretical modeling and experimental validation, which integrates dielectric constant, conductivity, and temperature as model inputs. This approach addresses the inaccuracies and distortions observed in frequency-domain (FDR) and time-domain (TDR) reflectance-based sensors under subzero conditions. It allows for the simultaneous and precise estimation of total water content, unfrozen water content, and ice content. Experimental results demonstrated that the freezing process in saline soils occurs in three distinct stages, with unfrozen water and ice content showing an inverse relationship in each stage. Comparative analysis with existing models confirmed that the proposed method significantly improved accuracy, maintaining relative errors within 2%. This study presents a robust inversion method that enables accurate quantification of total water content across all temperature stages during soil freezing. The findings offer critical theoretical support and a scientific reference for future research and practical applications in soil salinity monitoring and remediation.