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<p>In this study, Copper sulfide Nanoparticles (CuS NPs) were fabricated, characterized, and applied as nanofertilizers to soybean (<i>Glycine max)</i> and sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i>) in a pot experiment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of CuS NPs were performed for physiochemical characterization. CuS NPs were evaluated for their morphological and biochemical responses by employing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant assays. The Cu concentration and bioaccumulation were evaluated through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Physiochemical characterization of CuS NPs confirmed the nanoformation, phase purity, and agglomerated spherical-shaped NPs. The application of CuS NPs in the soil up to 60 and 40&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup> soil significantly increased the growth, biomass, and protein contents in soybean and sesame, respectively. Biochemical responses of both plants revealed that the highest total phenolic content (TPC) was observed in the root and shoot of soybean (206.91&#xa0;µg mg<sup>− 1</sup> DW and 226.15&#xa0;µg mg<sup>− 1</sup> DW, respectively) and sesame (212.87&#xa0;µg mg<sup>− 1</sup> DW and 313.18&#xa0;µg mg<sup>− 1</sup> DW) at 60&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup> soil. Total flavonoid content (TFC) was highest in soybean root at 40&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup> (121.17&#xa0;µg mg<sup>− 1</sup> DW) and shoot at 60&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup> (155.26&#xa0;µg mg<sup>− 1</sup> DW), while sesame root showed the highest total flavonoid content at 20&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup> (102.85&#xa0;µg mg<sup>− 1</sup> DW) and shoot at 40&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup> soil (172.81&#xa0;µg mg<sup>− 1</sup> DW). With the increase in CuS NPs concentration in both plants, a significant increase in antioxidant activities (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) was observed. AAS showed the highest Cu concentration in soybean and sesame in the sequence Soil &gt; Root &gt; Shoot at 80&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup> of NPs. The results indicate that CuS NPs as nanofertilizers may be used as a Cu source within the threshold for better growth of soybean and sesame.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Fabrication, Characterization, and Effects of CuS Nanoparticles as Nano-Fertilizers on the Morphological, Biochemical Responses, and Bioaccumulation of Metal in Soybean (Glycine Max L.) and Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Jehangir Khan,
  • Anila Sajjad,
  • Khalid Khan,
  • Ihsan Ullah,
  • Syed Hamza Safeer,
  • Muhammad Zia

摘要

In this study, Copper sulfide Nanoparticles (CuS NPs) were fabricated, characterized, and applied as nanofertilizers to soybean (Glycine max) and sesame (Sesamum indicum) in a pot experiment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of CuS NPs were performed for physiochemical characterization. CuS NPs were evaluated for their morphological and biochemical responses by employing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant assays. The Cu concentration and bioaccumulation were evaluated through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Physiochemical characterization of CuS NPs confirmed the nanoformation, phase purity, and agglomerated spherical-shaped NPs. The application of CuS NPs in the soil up to 60 and 40 mg kg− 1 soil significantly increased the growth, biomass, and protein contents in soybean and sesame, respectively. Biochemical responses of both plants revealed that the highest total phenolic content (TPC) was observed in the root and shoot of soybean (206.91 µg mg− 1 DW and 226.15 µg mg− 1 DW, respectively) and sesame (212.87 µg mg− 1 DW and 313.18 µg mg− 1 DW) at 60 mg kg− 1 soil. Total flavonoid content (TFC) was highest in soybean root at 40 mg kg− 1 (121.17 µg mg− 1 DW) and shoot at 60 mg kg− 1 (155.26 µg mg− 1 DW), while sesame root showed the highest total flavonoid content at 20 mg kg− 1 (102.85 µg mg− 1 DW) and shoot at 40 mg kg− 1 soil (172.81 µg mg− 1 DW). With the increase in CuS NPs concentration in both plants, a significant increase in antioxidant activities (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) was observed. AAS showed the highest Cu concentration in soybean and sesame in the sequence Soil > Root > Shoot at 80 mg kg− 1 of NPs. The results indicate that CuS NPs as nanofertilizers may be used as a Cu source within the threshold for better growth of soybean and sesame.

Graphical Abstract