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<p>The sustained decline in vegetable productivity and nutritional quality over recent decades is largely attributed to intensive chemical fertilization, soil organic matter depletion, and the disruption of microbial-mediated biochemical processes. These factors collectively degrade soil health and suppress beneficial microbial communities essential for nutrient cycling and plant development. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of nutrient management strategies on soil quality, microbial dynamics, and vegetable productivity.&#xa0;A four-year experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatment combinations and four replications. Treatments included varying proportions of chemical fertilizers and organic nutrient sources, supplemented with the inoculation of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPMs). Soil physicochemical properties, microbial abundance, and crop yield parameters were systematically assessed to determine the impact of each treatment.&#xa0;Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic sources, in conjunction with PGPM inoculation, significantly enhanced rhizospheric microbial population, improved the soil nutrient availability, and promoted the recovery of overall soil quality. These synergistic effects resulted in marked yield improvements across vegetable crops over the study period such as tomato (18.04%), brinjal (7.61%), chilli (6.94%), cluster bean (4.50%), cowpea (5.41%), onion (4.82%), okra (5.88%), in potato (6.22%), and cabbage (9.15%).&#xa0;Integrating organic nutrient sources with beneficial microbial inoculants significantly enhances the soil fertility, microbial functionality, and crop productivity in a vegetable-based cropping system. This eco-sustainable approach offers a promising strategy for rehabilitating degraded soil, reducing chemical fertilizer dependence, and enhancing long-term agricultural resilience in resource-limited regions.</p>

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Effects of Long-Term Application of Chemical Fertilizer, Organic Manure, and Soil Microbial Consortium on Soil Properties, Biological Activities, and Vegetable Productivity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Raju Lal Bhardwaj,
  • Premlata Meena,
  • Sita Ram Kumawat,
  • Kapil Choudhary

摘要

The sustained decline in vegetable productivity and nutritional quality over recent decades is largely attributed to intensive chemical fertilization, soil organic matter depletion, and the disruption of microbial-mediated biochemical processes. These factors collectively degrade soil health and suppress beneficial microbial communities essential for nutrient cycling and plant development. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of nutrient management strategies on soil quality, microbial dynamics, and vegetable productivity. A four-year experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatment combinations and four replications. Treatments included varying proportions of chemical fertilizers and organic nutrient sources, supplemented with the inoculation of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPMs). Soil physicochemical properties, microbial abundance, and crop yield parameters were systematically assessed to determine the impact of each treatment. Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic sources, in conjunction with PGPM inoculation, significantly enhanced rhizospheric microbial population, improved the soil nutrient availability, and promoted the recovery of overall soil quality. These synergistic effects resulted in marked yield improvements across vegetable crops over the study period such as tomato (18.04%), brinjal (7.61%), chilli (6.94%), cluster bean (4.50%), cowpea (5.41%), onion (4.82%), okra (5.88%), in potato (6.22%), and cabbage (9.15%). Integrating organic nutrient sources with beneficial microbial inoculants significantly enhances the soil fertility, microbial functionality, and crop productivity in a vegetable-based cropping system. This eco-sustainable approach offers a promising strategy for rehabilitating degraded soil, reducing chemical fertilizer dependence, and enhancing long-term agricultural resilience in resource-limited regions.