Synergistic Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Zeolite on Wheat Yield and Soil Chemical Properties
摘要
Wheat is one of the most important cereals in the world, rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to environmental pollution, especially of water and soil. To improve the quality of agricultural products and prevent this pollution, the use of bio-fertilizers and mineral soil amendments, especially mycorrhizal fungi and zeolite, is recommended. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim evaluation of the synergistic effects of mycorrhizal fungi and zeolite on wheat yield and soil chemical properties. This study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 in the soil of the Faculty of Agriculture of Azad University, located in Kamalvand district, Khorramabad city, as a factorial design in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The factors studied included mycorrhizal fungi at four levels (control, Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, and Glomus mosseae + Glomus intraradices) and the application of zeolite fertilizer at four levels (0, 6, 9, and 12ton ha-1). The results showed that the highest grain yield (4296.49 kg ha-1), number of grains per spike (12.62), and biological yield (14243.96 kg ha-1) were observed in the inoculation treatment with both mycorrhizal fungi simultaneously with 12ton ha-1 of zeolite in the second year, which showed increases of 43% and 48%, respectively, compared to the control in the first year. This treatment also led to the highest soil phosphorus levels (27.07 mg kg-1), soil potassium (639.16 mg kg-1), and an increase in harvest index and soil respiration. The highest concentrations of zinc and copper were obtained in the control treatment. The simultaneous application of Glomus mosseae + Glomus intraradices fungi with 12ton ha− 1 of zeolite is an effective solution for improving wheat yield and the biological and chemical enrichment of the soil (especially in major elements) in the studied area.