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<p>This study investigated the combined effects of a bacterial consortium, <i>Bacillus toyonensis</i> (BRM 32110) and <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (BRM 32114), with silicon supplementation on the growth of upland rice (cv. BRS Esmeralda) under simultaneous water and phosphorus deficit. Additionally, the study validated the P-solubilizing activity and endophytic colonization capacity of these bacteria under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress, with emphasis on adaptive root modifications.&#xa0;Three independent assays (A1, A2, and A3) were carried out, each one with a distinct osmotic potential: A1 with 0.0&#xa0;g PEG-6000&#xa0;L⁻¹ (control), A2 with 121.1&#xa0;g PEG-6000&#xa0;L⁻¹ (–2&#xa0;MPa), and A3 with 180.2&#xa0;g PEG-6000&#xa0;L⁻¹ (–4&#xa0;MPa). Experiments were performed in vitro using test tube in a completely randomized design with four replicates and four treatments: T1 (–P –Si –BAC), T2 (–P –Si + BAC), T3 (+ P + Si –BAC), and T4 (+ P + Si + BAC). Here, –P indicates the absence of a non-labile P source, whereas + P denotes supplementation with a non-labile P source. –Si corresponds to the absence of silicon, while + Si indicates supplementation with silicon (monosilicic acid, 0.5&#xa0;g L⁻¹). Microbiolized seeds with bacterial consortium are denoted as + BAC, while –BAC refers to no-microbiolized seeds. Root systems of 20-day-old seedlings were analyzed using WinRhizo software. Root, sheath and leaf segments were further examined for P-solubilizing activity (halo formation) and endophytic colonization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).&#xa0;The most significant results were observed in T4 (+ P + Si + BAC), including increases in root volume (87% on average across all assays), total root length and fine root length (116.5% and 30%, respectively, in A2 assay), and thick and very fine roots (25% and 30%, respectively, in A3 assay). P-solubilization activity and endophytic colonization were confirmed, especially in the sheath tissues under high osmotic pressure.&#xa0;These findings support the potential of combining bacteria and silicon as sustainable technologies to improve rice resilience and productivity under rainfed conditions.</p>

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Bacterial Endophytes and Silicon Enhance Root System Plasticity of Upland Rice Under Combined Water and Phosphorus Deficit

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月20日

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  • Rodrigo Silva de Oliveira,
  • Akintunde Abiodun Ajulo,
  • Anna Cristina Lanna,
  • Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi

摘要

This study investigated the combined effects of a bacterial consortium, Bacillus toyonensis (BRM 32110) and Serratia marcescens (BRM 32114), with silicon supplementation on the growth of upland rice (cv. BRS Esmeralda) under simultaneous water and phosphorus deficit. Additionally, the study validated the P-solubilizing activity and endophytic colonization capacity of these bacteria under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress, with emphasis on adaptive root modifications. Three independent assays (A1, A2, and A3) were carried out, each one with a distinct osmotic potential: A1 with 0.0 g PEG-6000 L⁻¹ (control), A2 with 121.1 g PEG-6000 L⁻¹ (–2 MPa), and A3 with 180.2 g PEG-6000 L⁻¹ (–4 MPa). Experiments were performed in vitro using test tube in a completely randomized design with four replicates and four treatments: T1 (–P –Si –BAC), T2 (–P –Si + BAC), T3 (+ P + Si –BAC), and T4 (+ P + Si + BAC). Here, –P indicates the absence of a non-labile P source, whereas + P denotes supplementation with a non-labile P source. –Si corresponds to the absence of silicon, while + Si indicates supplementation with silicon (monosilicic acid, 0.5 g L⁻¹). Microbiolized seeds with bacterial consortium are denoted as + BAC, while –BAC refers to no-microbiolized seeds. Root systems of 20-day-old seedlings were analyzed using WinRhizo software. Root, sheath and leaf segments were further examined for P-solubilizing activity (halo formation) and endophytic colonization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The most significant results were observed in T4 (+ P + Si + BAC), including increases in root volume (87% on average across all assays), total root length and fine root length (116.5% and 30%, respectively, in A2 assay), and thick and very fine roots (25% and 30%, respectively, in A3 assay). P-solubilization activity and endophytic colonization were confirmed, especially in the sheath tissues under high osmotic pressure. These findings support the potential of combining bacteria and silicon as sustainable technologies to improve rice resilience and productivity under rainfed conditions.