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<p>The application of microbial inoculants (MI) holds promise for enhancing soil conditions and improving microbial community structure. However, the effects of co-inoculation with nitrogen-fixing and nutrient-solubilizing strains on plant growth, soil properties, and bacterial community dynamics remain insufficiently understood.&#xa0;The mechanism by which a microbial consortium composed of <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Rhizobia</i> strains promotes kiwifruit (<i>Actinidia</i> spp.) growth was investigated.&#xa0;The research revealed that the combined inoculation of three strains (T3 treatment: <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>, and <i>Rhizobium</i> sp. DYQJB2) markedly improved the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in kiwifruit. Moreover, T3 treatment significantly increased the concentrations of organic matter (OM), total carbon (TC), total potassium (TK), total nitrogen (TN), peroxidase activity (S-POD), urease activity (S-URE), protease activity (S-PRO), and phosphatase activity (S-PRO) in the rhizosphere of kiwifruit. Notably, 16&#xa0;S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that the T3 treatment significantly enriched the rhizosphere microbial community of kiwifruit with <i>Acidobacteria</i>,<i> Proteobacteria</i>, and <i>Chloroflexi</i> at the phylum level, as well as <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Lysobacter</i> at the genus level. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed positive correlations between the relative abundances of dominant bacterial phyla, including <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Acidobacteria</i>, and soil nutrient content, enzymatic activity, dry biomass, and plant height of kiwifruit.&#xa0;This study elucidated a new mechanism whereby the combined inoculation of <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Rhizobium</i> strains facilitates the recruitment of rhizosphere bacteria with growth-promoting and antagonistic properties. This process enhances soil nutrient utilization and enzymatic activity, thereby promoting plant growth. Notably, T3 demonstrated superior plant growth, enhanced nutrient content, and increased SOM (Soil organic matter), TN, and TP (Total phosphorus). This study highlighted the novel role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in improving soil nutrient availability and plant growth, with a particular concentration on their effects on microbial community composition and diversity.</p>

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Enhancing Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) Growth Through a Microbial Consortia in Alkali Soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Xiao Shu,
  • Yixiao Fan,
  • Shuai Shen,
  • Yaping Chen

摘要

The application of microbial inoculants (MI) holds promise for enhancing soil conditions and improving microbial community structure. However, the effects of co-inoculation with nitrogen-fixing and nutrient-solubilizing strains on plant growth, soil properties, and bacterial community dynamics remain insufficiently understood. The mechanism by which a microbial consortium composed of Bacillus and Rhizobia strains promotes kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) growth was investigated. The research revealed that the combined inoculation of three strains (T3 treatment: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Rhizobium sp. DYQJB2) markedly improved the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in kiwifruit. Moreover, T3 treatment significantly increased the concentrations of organic matter (OM), total carbon (TC), total potassium (TK), total nitrogen (TN), peroxidase activity (S-POD), urease activity (S-URE), protease activity (S-PRO), and phosphatase activity (S-PRO) in the rhizosphere of kiwifruit. Notably, 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that the T3 treatment significantly enriched the rhizosphere microbial community of kiwifruit with Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Chloroflexi at the phylum level, as well as Pseudomonas and Lysobacter at the genus level. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed positive correlations between the relative abundances of dominant bacterial phyla, including Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, and soil nutrient content, enzymatic activity, dry biomass, and plant height of kiwifruit. This study elucidated a new mechanism whereby the combined inoculation of Bacillus and Rhizobium strains facilitates the recruitment of rhizosphere bacteria with growth-promoting and antagonistic properties. This process enhances soil nutrient utilization and enzymatic activity, thereby promoting plant growth. Notably, T3 demonstrated superior plant growth, enhanced nutrient content, and increased SOM (Soil organic matter), TN, and TP (Total phosphorus). This study highlighted the novel role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in improving soil nutrient availability and plant growth, with a particular concentration on their effects on microbial community composition and diversity.