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<p>Weed infestation remains a major challenge to crop production, influenced by both agricultural practices and soil-climatic conditions. This study was conducted to assess the long-term effects of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on weed flora composition, diversity, and system productivity in a maize–wheat crop rotation. The evaluation was based on data from an ongoing experiment initiated in 1972–73, with observations recorded from the 2017 monsoon to the 2019 winter season.&#xa0;The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eleven treatments, which included varying NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) levels ranging from 50% to 150% of the recommended dose, along with zinc application, farmyard manure (FYM) incorporation, sulfur and lime amendments, and manual weeding.&#xa0;Quadrat surveys recorded nine weed species across three families in maize and eleven species across seven families in wheat, with Poaceae being the most dominant family in wheat, followed by Asteraceae. In maize, application of 50% NPK significantly increased the abundance of broadleaf weeds, total weed population, and weed biomass, whereas 100% NPK combined with zinc favored the proliferation of grass weeds. In wheat, 150% NPK led to a rise in broadleaf weed populations and total weed biomass, while the addition of FYM increased grass weed incidence. Notably, balanced fertilization with 100% NPK plus FYM at 10 t ha⁻¹ reduced species richness and diversity indices but improved overall system productivity.&#xa0;The application of 100% NPK combined with 10 t ha⁻¹ of FYM markedly reduced weed species richness and diversity, while simultaneously enhancing overall system productivity. These findings highlight the intricate relationships between long-term nutrient management, weed dynamics, and crop performance, providing valuable insights for designing sustainable agricultural practices that optimize both weed control and crop yield.</p>

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Impact of Long-Term Fertilization Practices on Weed Flora Diversity in Typic Hapludalf Soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月20日

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  • Pawan Kumar,
  • Sachin Kumar,
  • Surinder Singh Rana,
  • Raj Paul Sharma,
  • Narender Kumar Sankhyan,
  • Muhammad Farooq

摘要

Weed infestation remains a major challenge to crop production, influenced by both agricultural practices and soil-climatic conditions. This study was conducted to assess the long-term effects of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on weed flora composition, diversity, and system productivity in a maize–wheat crop rotation. The evaluation was based on data from an ongoing experiment initiated in 1972–73, with observations recorded from the 2017 monsoon to the 2019 winter season. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eleven treatments, which included varying NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) levels ranging from 50% to 150% of the recommended dose, along with zinc application, farmyard manure (FYM) incorporation, sulfur and lime amendments, and manual weeding. Quadrat surveys recorded nine weed species across three families in maize and eleven species across seven families in wheat, with Poaceae being the most dominant family in wheat, followed by Asteraceae. In maize, application of 50% NPK significantly increased the abundance of broadleaf weeds, total weed population, and weed biomass, whereas 100% NPK combined with zinc favored the proliferation of grass weeds. In wheat, 150% NPK led to a rise in broadleaf weed populations and total weed biomass, while the addition of FYM increased grass weed incidence. Notably, balanced fertilization with 100% NPK plus FYM at 10 t ha⁻¹ reduced species richness and diversity indices but improved overall system productivity. The application of 100% NPK combined with 10 t ha⁻¹ of FYM markedly reduced weed species richness and diversity, while simultaneously enhancing overall system productivity. These findings highlight the intricate relationships between long-term nutrient management, weed dynamics, and crop performance, providing valuable insights for designing sustainable agricultural practices that optimize both weed control and crop yield.