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<p>Soil contamination with heavy metals, especially copper (Cu) and lead (Pb poses a serious global environmental threat. While soil passivators represent a promising remediation strategy, limited research exists on their comparative efficacy when combined with hyperaccumulator plants (<i>Brassica juncea</i>). This study evaluated the effectiveness of rice straw biochar (BC), compost (CP), bentonite (BT), and elemental sulphur (SP) for Cu and Pb immobilization and phytostabilization as well as improving plant growth in co-contaminated calcareous soils.&#xa0;A pot experiment was conducted using four treatments, each with three replicates, to evaluate the comparative effects of BC, CP, BT and SP on <i>Brassica</i> growth and the uptake of Cu and Pb in co-contaminated soil.&#xa0;The results showed that all amendments significantly altered soil pH. A profound decrease in soil pH of 0.24 and 0.19 units was observed in the SP and CP amended soils, respectively, relative to the control. In addition, the mobility of Cu and Pb in soil was significantly reduced by the application of BC, CP, SP, and BT. Reductions in Cu mobility were 43.4%, 28.3%, 18.6%, and 35.7%, respectively, while Pb mobility decreased by 35%, 22.9%, 14.7%, and 27.4%, respectively, compared to the control.&#xa0;This study showed that incorporating rice straw-derived biochar (BC) significantly enhanced the reduction of both Cu and Pb in soil, ultimately improving <i>Brassica</i> growth and nutrient uptake. Among all treatments, shifts in FTIR spectra for BC- and BT-amended soils, relative to other treatments, provided insight into the mechanism of Cu and Pb immobilization in the co-contaminated calcareous soil.</p>

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Ameliorating Polluted Soil with Passivators: A Sustainable Approach to Reducing Copper and Lead Mobility Using Brassica Juncea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Saqib Bashir,
  • Shehnaz Fatima,
  • Anaam Zahra,
  • Yurong Wang,
  • Xingxiang Wang,
  • Abdullah H. Alshahri

摘要

Soil contamination with heavy metals, especially copper (Cu) and lead (Pb poses a serious global environmental threat. While soil passivators represent a promising remediation strategy, limited research exists on their comparative efficacy when combined with hyperaccumulator plants (Brassica juncea). This study evaluated the effectiveness of rice straw biochar (BC), compost (CP), bentonite (BT), and elemental sulphur (SP) for Cu and Pb immobilization and phytostabilization as well as improving plant growth in co-contaminated calcareous soils. A pot experiment was conducted using four treatments, each with three replicates, to evaluate the comparative effects of BC, CP, BT and SP on Brassica growth and the uptake of Cu and Pb in co-contaminated soil. The results showed that all amendments significantly altered soil pH. A profound decrease in soil pH of 0.24 and 0.19 units was observed in the SP and CP amended soils, respectively, relative to the control. In addition, the mobility of Cu and Pb in soil was significantly reduced by the application of BC, CP, SP, and BT. Reductions in Cu mobility were 43.4%, 28.3%, 18.6%, and 35.7%, respectively, while Pb mobility decreased by 35%, 22.9%, 14.7%, and 27.4%, respectively, compared to the control. This study showed that incorporating rice straw-derived biochar (BC) significantly enhanced the reduction of both Cu and Pb in soil, ultimately improving Brassica growth and nutrient uptake. Among all treatments, shifts in FTIR spectra for BC- and BT-amended soils, relative to other treatments, provided insight into the mechanism of Cu and Pb immobilization in the co-contaminated calcareous soil.