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<p> Purpose Disturbance in the precipitation pattern due to climate change has led to the water shortage, particularly in the agriculture sector. Developing countries in Asia are vulnerable to water scarcity problems due to changing climatic conditions and old agricultural customs. This study explores the potential of orange peel-derived biochars for maintaining water retention in the soil and its impact on pepper plant productivity under a deficit irrigation system (i.e., representing a water-scarce environment). Methods Three biochars were derived from orange peel via pyrolysis at 300, 500, and 700&#xa0;°C. Column leaching experiments were conducted with sandy loam soil under a deficit irrigation system (comprising 100, 80, 60, and 40% of the irrigation water) to determine soil water retention with biochars. Then, greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of biochar on pepper plant (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) productivity under the deficient irrigation system. Results Under severe deficit irrigation (40%), biochar produced at 500&#xa0;°C outperformed other biochars. It decreased the soil’s cumulative water evaporation to 80%, increased the soil’s water storage to 110%, improved the soil’s water conservation to 13%, and enhanced the soil’s water-holding capacity to 34%, as compared to the control (without biochar). Biochar produced at 500&#xa0;°C also improved the growth of pepper plants by increasing the uptake of N, P, and K from the soil at the lowest irrigation rate of 40%. Conclusion The porous structure of biochar, produced at 500&#xa0;°C, improved the soil water conservation and plant productivity, thus recommending it as a potential soil amendment in the water-scarce soil environment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Soil Water Conservation and Plant Growth Improvement by Orange Peel-Derived Biochar in a Sandy Loam Soil Under Deficit Irrigation System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Mehak Fatima,
  • Joong-Dae Choi,
  • Mahtab Ahmad

摘要

Purpose Disturbance in the precipitation pattern due to climate change has led to the water shortage, particularly in the agriculture sector. Developing countries in Asia are vulnerable to water scarcity problems due to changing climatic conditions and old agricultural customs. This study explores the potential of orange peel-derived biochars for maintaining water retention in the soil and its impact on pepper plant productivity under a deficit irrigation system (i.e., representing a water-scarce environment). Methods Three biochars were derived from orange peel via pyrolysis at 300, 500, and 700 °C. Column leaching experiments were conducted with sandy loam soil under a deficit irrigation system (comprising 100, 80, 60, and 40% of the irrigation water) to determine soil water retention with biochars. Then, greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of biochar on pepper plant (Capsicum annuum) productivity under the deficient irrigation system. Results Under severe deficit irrigation (40%), biochar produced at 500 °C outperformed other biochars. It decreased the soil’s cumulative water evaporation to 80%, increased the soil’s water storage to 110%, improved the soil’s water conservation to 13%, and enhanced the soil’s water-holding capacity to 34%, as compared to the control (without biochar). Biochar produced at 500 °C also improved the growth of pepper plants by increasing the uptake of N, P, and K from the soil at the lowest irrigation rate of 40%. Conclusion The porous structure of biochar, produced at 500 °C, improved the soil water conservation and plant productivity, thus recommending it as a potential soil amendment in the water-scarce soil environment.

Graphical Abstract