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<p> Purpose: This study investigates the regulatory effects of the combined applications of humic acid and different Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) on soil nitrogen transformation processes and maize growth.</p><p> Methods: A two-year field plot experiment was conducted in Liaoning Province, China from 2022 to 2023 to examine the effects of humic acid and two NIs [3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (MHPP)] on inorganic nitrogen content, soil ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) volatilization, rhizosphere microbial diversity and maize (<i>Xianyu 1483</i>) growth in brown soil. Using randomized block trials. Six treatments were employed in the experiment, namely, conventional fertilization control (200.00&#xa0;kg·N·ha<sup>−</sup>¹) (U), conventional fertilization + DMPP (UD), conventional fertilization + MHPP (UM), conventional fertilization + humic acid (UH), conventional fertilization + humic acid + DMPP (UHD) and conventional fertilization + humic acid + MHPP (UHM).</p><p> Results: Compared with the control, the total maize yield of UHM in two years was 26.59 t·ha<sup>− 1</sup>, a significant increase of 6.56%. The nitrogen fertilizer utilization rates in two years were 40.28% and 37.30%, respectively, with an increase of 58.03% and 20.67%. Although neither inhibitors nor humic acid considerably reduced soil NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization losses, the combination of humic acid and inhibitors reduced NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization losses by 3.99% – 17.84%, particularly the UHM. Compared with UD and UH, UHD reduced soil N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity and microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil. The diversity indices of fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of UHM were 585.35 and 2860.70, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of U (412.31, 2546.49). Also, UHM enhanced rhizosphere microbial diversity and richness. Compared with UM and UH, UHM notably increased the relative abundance of <i>Mortierellomycota</i>, <i>Acidobacteriota</i> and <i>Chloroflexi</i> in rhizosphere soil, which are crucial for the rapid decomposition of plant residues, nitrogen cycling and plant growth.</p><p> Conclusions: The combined application of humic acid and MHPP enhanced the diversity and richness of rhizosphere bacteria, improved maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency while reducing soil NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization losses, and showed a certain synergistic trend. This approach has the potential to become an effective technique for improving maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in brown soil.</p>

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Synergistic Mechanism of the Combined Application of Humic Acid and Biological Nitrification Inhibitors on Maize Yield and Nitrogen Transformation and Utilization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Yingchun Liu,
  • Xinyue Zhong,
  • Xianfeng Zhang,
  • Wenliang Yang,
  • Jiao Yang,
  • Guocui Ren,
  • Mengrou Li,
  • Anning Zhu,
  • Xiuli Xin

摘要

Purpose: This study investigates the regulatory effects of the combined applications of humic acid and different Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) on soil nitrogen transformation processes and maize growth.

Methods: A two-year field plot experiment was conducted in Liaoning Province, China from 2022 to 2023 to examine the effects of humic acid and two NIs [3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (MHPP)] on inorganic nitrogen content, soil ammonia (NH3) volatilization, rhizosphere microbial diversity and maize (Xianyu 1483) growth in brown soil. Using randomized block trials. Six treatments were employed in the experiment, namely, conventional fertilization control (200.00 kg·N·ha−¹) (U), conventional fertilization + DMPP (UD), conventional fertilization + MHPP (UM), conventional fertilization + humic acid (UH), conventional fertilization + humic acid + DMPP (UHD) and conventional fertilization + humic acid + MHPP (UHM).

Results: Compared with the control, the total maize yield of UHM in two years was 26.59 t·ha− 1, a significant increase of 6.56%. The nitrogen fertilizer utilization rates in two years were 40.28% and 37.30%, respectively, with an increase of 58.03% and 20.67%. Although neither inhibitors nor humic acid considerably reduced soil NH3 volatilization losses, the combination of humic acid and inhibitors reduced NH3 volatilization losses by 3.99% – 17.84%, particularly the UHM. Compared with UD and UH, UHD reduced soil N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity and microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil. The diversity indices of fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of UHM were 585.35 and 2860.70, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of U (412.31, 2546.49). Also, UHM enhanced rhizosphere microbial diversity and richness. Compared with UM and UH, UHM notably increased the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota, Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi in rhizosphere soil, which are crucial for the rapid decomposition of plant residues, nitrogen cycling and plant growth.

Conclusions: The combined application of humic acid and MHPP enhanced the diversity and richness of rhizosphere bacteria, improved maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency while reducing soil NH3 volatilization losses, and showed a certain synergistic trend. This approach has the potential to become an effective technique for improving maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in brown soil.