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<p>The study comprehends the relationship between fruit yield, quality attributes, soil properties and leaf nutrient content through multivariate analysis in apple-based cropping systems (CS) in dry temperate Himalayan ecosystem.&#xa0;The comparative benefits of integrating legumes, cereals and pulses as intercrops in apple orchards compared apple monoculture farming systems were studied. Regression, path and principal component analyses (PCA) were employed to elucidate the relationships among the variables, while Bartlett’s test was used to assess the variability within CS.&#xa0;The comparative benefits of integrating legumes, cereals and pulses as intercrops in apple orchards compared apple monoculture farming systems were studied. Regression, path and principal component analyses (PCA) were employed to elucidate the relationships among the variables, while Bartlett’s test was used to assess the variability within CS.&#xa0;Intercropping of legume crops, particularly peas and kidney beans significantly enhanced fruit size, weight, firmness and biochemical traits total soluble solids (TSS) and sugars of fruits compared to monoculture. Leaf analysis showed higher concentrations of NPK which were strongly correlated through regression and path analyses with fruit yield, TSS and anthocyanins content to improve fruit yield. PCA also confirmed that apple + pea and apple + kidney beans CS were the most effective to optimize yield and quality over monoculture. Bartlett’s test further revealed significant variability in nutrient content and fruit quality traits which underscore the need for careful management of intercrops in apple orchards.&#xa0;The findings highlight positive and strong correlations between leaf nutrient content, soil properties and fruit quality traits, emphasizing their role optimization of yield. PCA and regression analyses confirmed the superiority of targeted apple CS which provides key insights into sustainable orchard management preferably with legumes to enhance productivity, fruit quality and support agricultural viability in dry temperate Himalayan ecosystem.</p>

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Multivariate Analysis of Apple Based Cropping Systems in Dry Temperate Himalayan Ecosystem: Modeling Quantitative and Qualitative Traits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月25日

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  • Himanshu Mehta,
  • Pramod Kumar,
  • S. Vishnu Shankar

摘要

The study comprehends the relationship between fruit yield, quality attributes, soil properties and leaf nutrient content through multivariate analysis in apple-based cropping systems (CS) in dry temperate Himalayan ecosystem. The comparative benefits of integrating legumes, cereals and pulses as intercrops in apple orchards compared apple monoculture farming systems were studied. Regression, path and principal component analyses (PCA) were employed to elucidate the relationships among the variables, while Bartlett’s test was used to assess the variability within CS. The comparative benefits of integrating legumes, cereals and pulses as intercrops in apple orchards compared apple monoculture farming systems were studied. Regression, path and principal component analyses (PCA) were employed to elucidate the relationships among the variables, while Bartlett’s test was used to assess the variability within CS. Intercropping of legume crops, particularly peas and kidney beans significantly enhanced fruit size, weight, firmness and biochemical traits total soluble solids (TSS) and sugars of fruits compared to monoculture. Leaf analysis showed higher concentrations of NPK which were strongly correlated through regression and path analyses with fruit yield, TSS and anthocyanins content to improve fruit yield. PCA also confirmed that apple + pea and apple + kidney beans CS were the most effective to optimize yield and quality over monoculture. Bartlett’s test further revealed significant variability in nutrient content and fruit quality traits which underscore the need for careful management of intercrops in apple orchards. The findings highlight positive and strong correlations between leaf nutrient content, soil properties and fruit quality traits, emphasizing their role optimization of yield. PCA and regression analyses confirmed the superiority of targeted apple CS which provides key insights into sustainable orchard management preferably with legumes to enhance productivity, fruit quality and support agricultural viability in dry temperate Himalayan ecosystem.