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<p>Lentil production under rainfed agriculture provides poor people’s nutrition in India where delayed and extensive tillage operation becomes expensive and creates a water stress situation at the reproductive stages of the plant. Crop yield is reduced by heat and water stress and even more reduction in yield when these conditions co-occur. Proper combined strategies through all the management practices starting from sowing time, crop establishment i.e., tillage and nutrient management might be the best way to scrub the problem. To study the potassium management under stress on plant physiology and biochemical activities as influenced by tillage and sowing time of lentil and to test the effectiveness of the best-selected treatments in farmers' fields, the experiment was conducted in the research plot with two dates of sowing of lentil (early and late), three tillage practices [no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT)] and four K fertilizer management options [no K (K<sub>0</sub>), K as basal (K<sub>b</sub>), K as foliar (K<sub>f</sub>) and K both as basal and foliar (K<sub>bf</sub>)] during 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. Thereafter, the four best treatments were tested along with farmer’s practices in five farmers’ fields during 2018–2019. CT depleted higher root zone soil water (1.1&#xa0;mm d<sup>−1</sup>), while MT and NT stored 13–16&#xa0;mm higher soil water than CT. Early sown lentil also stored 7% higher soil water resulting 11–14% greater transpiration rate (Tr) than late sown lentil. The maximum stomatal conductance (Gs) of 242&#xa0;mmol H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup> was observed under MT and showed significantly 0.66&#xa0;mmol H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup> higher Tr than NT. The reduction in photosynthesis rate (Pn) (33 to 98%) was relatively higher under CT and a strong positive relationship (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.55) was observed between Pn and soil moisture. Nevertheless, K<sub>bf</sub> resulted in significantly 14 and 12% higher Tr and Pn than K<sub>b</sub>. NT recorded the maximum total carbohydrate (TC) throughout the growing period and CT showed significantly 29% higher proline content over NT. Early sowing improved 37% nitrate reductase activity (NRA) than the late sowing of lentil; while MT showed significantly 15% higher NRA than NT. Early sown MT produced the highest grain yield in research as well as farmers’ fields with the highest water productivity and secured the maximum benefit–cost ratio. Adoption of minimum tillage after short duration rice, managed with K as basal plus foliar application would be the best reliever of water stress and conventional tillage with similar K management may also reduce water stress.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Influence of Potassium Management on Physiology and Biochemical Activities of Lentil (Lens culinaris M.) Grown Under Rainfed Condition in Different Tillage and Sowing Time Scenario

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Ramprosad Nandi,
  • Subham Mukherjee,
  • Kh. Chandrakumar Singh,
  • Madhumonti Saha,
  • Priyanka Ghatak,
  • Arnab Kundu,
  • Subhadip Saha,
  • Prasanta Kumar Bandyopadhyay,
  • Rajib Nath

摘要

Lentil production under rainfed agriculture provides poor people’s nutrition in India where delayed and extensive tillage operation becomes expensive and creates a water stress situation at the reproductive stages of the plant. Crop yield is reduced by heat and water stress and even more reduction in yield when these conditions co-occur. Proper combined strategies through all the management practices starting from sowing time, crop establishment i.e., tillage and nutrient management might be the best way to scrub the problem. To study the potassium management under stress on plant physiology and biochemical activities as influenced by tillage and sowing time of lentil and to test the effectiveness of the best-selected treatments in farmers' fields, the experiment was conducted in the research plot with two dates of sowing of lentil (early and late), three tillage practices [no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT)] and four K fertilizer management options [no K (K0), K as basal (Kb), K as foliar (Kf) and K both as basal and foliar (Kbf)] during 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. Thereafter, the four best treatments were tested along with farmer’s practices in five farmers’ fields during 2018–2019. CT depleted higher root zone soil water (1.1 mm d−1), while MT and NT stored 13–16 mm higher soil water than CT. Early sown lentil also stored 7% higher soil water resulting 11–14% greater transpiration rate (Tr) than late sown lentil. The maximum stomatal conductance (Gs) of 242 mmol H2O m−2 s−1 was observed under MT and showed significantly 0.66 mmol H2O m−2 s−1 higher Tr than NT. The reduction in photosynthesis rate (Pn) (33 to 98%) was relatively higher under CT and a strong positive relationship (R2 = 0.55) was observed between Pn and soil moisture. Nevertheless, Kbf resulted in significantly 14 and 12% higher Tr and Pn than Kb. NT recorded the maximum total carbohydrate (TC) throughout the growing period and CT showed significantly 29% higher proline content over NT. Early sowing improved 37% nitrate reductase activity (NRA) than the late sowing of lentil; while MT showed significantly 15% higher NRA than NT. Early sown MT produced the highest grain yield in research as well as farmers’ fields with the highest water productivity and secured the maximum benefit–cost ratio. Adoption of minimum tillage after short duration rice, managed with K as basal plus foliar application would be the best reliever of water stress and conventional tillage with similar K management may also reduce water stress.

Graphical Abstract