<p>In the Mediterranean region, climate change poses a major threat to agriculture, particularly fruit production systems, due to its long-term effects on tree phenology and productivity. Sustainable agricultural practices and soil management strategies are crucial to alleviate this abiotic stress. This review focuses on biochar and hydrogel as promising soil amendments to enhance the adaptation of perennial fruit trees to environmental constraints. Its objective is to examine how these materials are currently used to mitigate abiotic stresses and to provide an updated synthesis of their agronomic potential. We summarize recent findings on the different types of biochar and hydrogels applied in agriculture and assess their effects on soil fertility, water-holding capacity, nutrient dynamics, tree growth, physiology, and tolerance to drought and other stresses. Special emphasis is placed on perennial tree species, as their long lifespan makes them particularly vulnerable to climate variability. By providing a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms and interactions with climate conditions, soil types and plants, this study will ensure new knowledge for both researchers and farmers. These findings will help deal with waste management issues and try to find solutions to mitigate the effect of abiotic stress on tree growth. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to highlight the potential of biochar and hydrogels for improving fruit tree performance under Mediterranean conditions. It also addresses a major gap related to the limited recycling of agro-industrial byproducts into these amendments, as exemplified by the CYCLOLIVE case study.</p>