<p>In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of sewage sludge (SS) application on heavy metals (HM) accumulation in leek (<i>Allium ampeloprasum</i> L.) and develop predictive models for metal uptake based on soil properties.&#xa0;Leek plants were grown in soil with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40&#xa0;g kg<sup>−1</sup> under greenhouse conditions for 83 days.&#xa0;SS amendment significantly increased soil properties and enhanced metal mobility. Heavy metal accumulation varied between tissues, with roots showing greater accumulation, especially for Fe and Mn. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors (BAF and TF) indicated a higher uptake of Cd and Zn in both roots and shoots. Multiple linear regression models demonstrated high predictability for Mn (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = 0.916, ME = 0.898) and Fe (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = 0.864, ME = 0.842) in shoots, with similarly strong performance in roots for Mn (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = 0.863, ME = 0.838) and Fe (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = 0.777, ME = 0.756). These high coefficients of determination and model efficiencies, along with low MNAE and MNB values, indicate strong predictive capability for assessing heavy metal uptake.&#xa0;This study showed that MLR models are effective for assessing heavy metal risks in crops grown with SS amendments. Unlike previous modeling studies focused on other vegetables, this is the first to develop and validate crop-specific models for leek, thereby identifying the most influential soil parameters for predicting metal uptake. These findings contribute to safer and more sustainable agricultural practices.</p>

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Impact of Sewage Sludge Application on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) and Development of Predictive Models Based on Soil Properties

  • Arwa A. AL-Huqail,
  • Pankaj Kumar,
  • Mohamed T. Ahmed,
  • Ebrahem M. Eid

摘要

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of sewage sludge (SS) application on heavy metals (HM) accumulation in leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) and develop predictive models for metal uptake based on soil properties. Leek plants were grown in soil with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g kg−1 under greenhouse conditions for 83 days. SS amendment significantly increased soil properties and enhanced metal mobility. Heavy metal accumulation varied between tissues, with roots showing greater accumulation, especially for Fe and Mn. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors (BAF and TF) indicated a higher uptake of Cd and Zn in both roots and shoots. Multiple linear regression models demonstrated high predictability for Mn (R2 = 0.916, ME = 0.898) and Fe (R2 = 0.864, ME = 0.842) in shoots, with similarly strong performance in roots for Mn (R2 = 0.863, ME = 0.838) and Fe (R2 = 0.777, ME = 0.756). These high coefficients of determination and model efficiencies, along with low MNAE and MNB values, indicate strong predictive capability for assessing heavy metal uptake. This study showed that MLR models are effective for assessing heavy metal risks in crops grown with SS amendments. Unlike previous modeling studies focused on other vegetables, this is the first to develop and validate crop-specific models for leek, thereby identifying the most influential soil parameters for predicting metal uptake. These findings contribute to safer and more sustainable agricultural practices.