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<p>Pistachio cultivation in semi-arid regions faces challenges such as soil salinity and limited nutrient availability, which negatively impact seedling growth and crop yield. This study aimed to isolate and characterize plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from semi-arid pistachio-growing soils in Damghan, Iran, and evaluate their potential to enhance pistachio seedling growth, providing a sustainable alternative to conventional fertilization methods.&#xa0;Forty rhizobacterial strains were isolated from slightly saline-alkaline pistachio orchard soils in Damghan, Iran. Twenty-five isolates were screened for indole acetic acid (IAA) production. Further characterization included assessing halotolerance, exopolysaccharide, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide production, enzymatic activities (amylase, protease, lipase, pectinase, cellulase), and phosphate/zinc solubilization. Ten promising PGPR strains were used to inoculate pistachio seedlings in pot trials, measuring chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic, And Anthocyanin content. The most effective strains were identified using 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing.&#xa0;Among the isolates, <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> subsp. <i>hoffmannii</i> DU22 and <i>Enterococcus durans</i> DU4 demonstrated exceptional salt tolerance, high IAA production, And multiple synergistic plant growth-promoting traits. Inoculation with these strains significantly enhanced pistachio seedling growth parameters, including chlorophyll And carotenoid content by 0.7%–117.2%, as well as phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. These native strains outperformed previously reported PGPR.&#xa0;This is the first report of native <i>E. hormaechei</i> subsp. <i>hoffmannii</i> and <i>E. durans</i> exhibiting multi-trait PGPR potential for pistachio in semi-arid saline soils of Damghan, Iran. Their halotolerance and nutrient solubilization abilities offer a promising, sustainable biofertilizer approach for pistachio cultivation. Further genomic studies and field trials are recommended to advance their commercial application.</p>

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Isolation and Characterization of Native Halotolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Pistacia Vera L. Cultivation in Semi-Arid Regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Fatemeh Salimi,
  • Fateme Amirahmadi,
  • Abotaleb Kousha,
  • Mehdi Khorshidi,
  • Katayoun Zanganeh,
  • Armin Mahabadi,
  • Sama Sardashti

摘要

Pistachio cultivation in semi-arid regions faces challenges such as soil salinity and limited nutrient availability, which negatively impact seedling growth and crop yield. This study aimed to isolate and characterize plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from semi-arid pistachio-growing soils in Damghan, Iran, and evaluate their potential to enhance pistachio seedling growth, providing a sustainable alternative to conventional fertilization methods. Forty rhizobacterial strains were isolated from slightly saline-alkaline pistachio orchard soils in Damghan, Iran. Twenty-five isolates were screened for indole acetic acid (IAA) production. Further characterization included assessing halotolerance, exopolysaccharide, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide production, enzymatic activities (amylase, protease, lipase, pectinase, cellulase), and phosphate/zinc solubilization. Ten promising PGPR strains were used to inoculate pistachio seedlings in pot trials, measuring chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic, And Anthocyanin content. The most effective strains were identified using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Among the isolates, Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii DU22 and Enterococcus durans DU4 demonstrated exceptional salt tolerance, high IAA production, And multiple synergistic plant growth-promoting traits. Inoculation with these strains significantly enhanced pistachio seedling growth parameters, including chlorophyll And carotenoid content by 0.7%–117.2%, as well as phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. These native strains outperformed previously reported PGPR. This is the first report of native E. hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii and E. durans exhibiting multi-trait PGPR potential for pistachio in semi-arid saline soils of Damghan, Iran. Their halotolerance and nutrient solubilization abilities offer a promising, sustainable biofertilizer approach for pistachio cultivation. Further genomic studies and field trials are recommended to advance their commercial application.