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<p>Pollution of agricultural soils with cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) heavy metals endangers food safety and environmental quality. Therefore, it is essential to develop efficient techniques for the remediation of different soil types. This study investigates the innovative application of flavone-enriched biochar for mitigating heavy metal stress in barley.&#xa0;The present research involved preparation of flavones-enriched biochar, which integrates distinctive properties of raw biochar with flavones. This study examined impact of raw And flavones-enriched biochar on soil nutritional qualities And mitigation of copper and cadmium toxicity.&#xa0;Results of current study showed that 3% flavones-enriched biochar treatments considerably enhanced shoots, roots, grains and husk dry Weights than control. 3% flavones-enriched biochar treatment significantly improved photosynthetic rate, transpiration level, stomatal conductivity, intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> levels, And Chl a, And Chl b contents. Furthermore, the 3% flavones-enriched biochar mitigated oxidative stress in plants by enhancing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels by 70.1%, And 59.9%, respectively. Copper concentrations in shoots, roots, grains And husk decreased by 50.1%, 47.2%, 70.1%, And 54.1%, post-harvest soil study indicated that soil enrichment with 3% flavones-enriched biochar enhanced activity of urease, acid phosphatase And catalase enzymes by 50.3%, 120.1%, And 75.3%.&#xa0;Flavones-enriched biochar is an effective treatment for decontamination of soils polluted with harmful cadmium and copper, and for enhancing soil fertility. The synergistic effects of flavones and biochar offer a promising solution for improving crop resilience and stress tolerance, providing new insights into the development of sustainable agricultural practices.</p>

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Flavones-Fortified Biochar Enhances Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Growth and Productivity by Ameliorating Cadmium and Copper Toxicity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月14日

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  • Ghulam Murtaza,
  • Muhammad Bilawal Junaid,
  • Faisal Mahmood,
  • Muhammad Usman,
  • Muhammad Azam,
  • Muhammad Rizwan,
  • Alanoud T. Alfagham,
  • Javed Iqbal,
  • Gang Deng,
  • Zeeshan Ahmed,
  • Trobjon Makhkamov,
  • Lala Gurbanova,
  • Rashid Iqbal

摘要

Pollution of agricultural soils with cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) heavy metals endangers food safety and environmental quality. Therefore, it is essential to develop efficient techniques for the remediation of different soil types. This study investigates the innovative application of flavone-enriched biochar for mitigating heavy metal stress in barley. The present research involved preparation of flavones-enriched biochar, which integrates distinctive properties of raw biochar with flavones. This study examined impact of raw And flavones-enriched biochar on soil nutritional qualities And mitigation of copper and cadmium toxicity. Results of current study showed that 3% flavones-enriched biochar treatments considerably enhanced shoots, roots, grains and husk dry Weights than control. 3% flavones-enriched biochar treatment significantly improved photosynthetic rate, transpiration level, stomatal conductivity, intercellular CO2 levels, And Chl a, And Chl b contents. Furthermore, the 3% flavones-enriched biochar mitigated oxidative stress in plants by enhancing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels by 70.1%, And 59.9%, respectively. Copper concentrations in shoots, roots, grains And husk decreased by 50.1%, 47.2%, 70.1%, And 54.1%, post-harvest soil study indicated that soil enrichment with 3% flavones-enriched biochar enhanced activity of urease, acid phosphatase And catalase enzymes by 50.3%, 120.1%, And 75.3%. Flavones-enriched biochar is an effective treatment for decontamination of soils polluted with harmful cadmium and copper, and for enhancing soil fertility. The synergistic effects of flavones and biochar offer a promising solution for improving crop resilience and stress tolerance, providing new insights into the development of sustainable agricultural practices.