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<p>Soil salinity substantially impedes global food security and sustainability, with changing climatic conditions intensifying pressure on soil and agriculture. This study intends to assess the individual and synergistic foliar application effects of melatonin (Mel, 600&#xa0;μM) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 2&#xa0;mM), in mitigating the adverse effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) stress on plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency and regulation of ionic balance in maize cultivar Pearl and Akbar. Salinity stress led to substantial declines in developmental and physiological parameters while enhancing antioxidant activity. Maize plants exposed to NaCl stress exhibited elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), indicating oxidative damage. Compared to IAA alone, the combined foliar application of Mel and IAA improved plant height, biomass, and the uptake of nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe). Both Mel and IAA, either alone or in combination, significantly reduced the uptake of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl). The combined application of 600&#xa0;μM Mel and 2&#xa0;mM IAA resulted in 51% and 29% improvements in chlorophyll a content in Pearl and Akbar, respectively, whereas IAA alone enhanced it by 24% and 10%, and Mel alone increased it by 22% and 10%. The heat map and principal component analysis revealed a distinct separation of attributes related to the Mel and IAA treatments. The combined application of Mel and IAA was more effective than their individual use in alleviating salinity stress in maize plants.</p>

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Synergistic Role of Melatonin and Indole-3-acetic Acid in Alleviating Salinity Stress in Maize through Regulation of Antioxidant Defense Mechanism and Nutrient Uptake

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Mohsan Ali,
  • Sara Zafar,
  • Zuhair Hasnain,
  • Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli,
  • Javaid Akhter Bhat,
  • Parvaiz Ahmad

摘要

Soil salinity substantially impedes global food security and sustainability, with changing climatic conditions intensifying pressure on soil and agriculture. This study intends to assess the individual and synergistic foliar application effects of melatonin (Mel, 600 μM) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 2 mM), in mitigating the adverse effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) stress on plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency and regulation of ionic balance in maize cultivar Pearl and Akbar. Salinity stress led to substantial declines in developmental and physiological parameters while enhancing antioxidant activity. Maize plants exposed to NaCl stress exhibited elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indicating oxidative damage. Compared to IAA alone, the combined foliar application of Mel and IAA improved plant height, biomass, and the uptake of nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe). Both Mel and IAA, either alone or in combination, significantly reduced the uptake of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl). The combined application of 600 μM Mel and 2 mM IAA resulted in 51% and 29% improvements in chlorophyll a content in Pearl and Akbar, respectively, whereas IAA alone enhanced it by 24% and 10%, and Mel alone increased it by 22% and 10%. The heat map and principal component analysis revealed a distinct separation of attributes related to the Mel and IAA treatments. The combined application of Mel and IAA was more effective than their individual use in alleviating salinity stress in maize plants.