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Purpose <p>Understanding P transformations in varying Olsen-P status soils is crucial for efficient P management and optimal crop production. This study explored the impact of long-term mineral P fertilization and farmyard manure (FYM) on soil P fractions and maize productivity over 12 years in soils with varying Olsen-P levels.</p> Methods <p>Soil samples (0–0.15&#xa0;m) were taken from three different Olsen-P status soils, classified as medium-P (ISP1, 12.5–22.5&#xa0;kg P ha<sup>− 1</sup>), high-P (ISP2, 22.5–50.0&#xa0;kg P ha<sup>− 1</sup>), and very high-P (ISP3, &gt;50.0&#xa0;kg P ha<sup>− 1</sup>). Seven treatment combinations (P0, P13, P26, P39, P52, P13FYM, P26FYM) were evaluated.</p> Results <p>The results indicated that calcium bound-P (Ca-P) was the predominant form of soil P in all three Olsen-P status soils. In ISP3 soils, reducing P application to 50% of the recommended rate (26&#xa0;kg P ha<sup>− 1</sup>) significantly increased saloid phosphorus (Sa-P) and aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P) fractions, leading to higher maize grain yield and improved P use efficiency (RE<sub>p</sub>) compared to ISP1 and ISP2 soils. The combined use of mineral P and FYM enhanced P availability, leading to improved maize grain yield and P uptake in the P13FYM compared to P13 treatment, regardless of Olsen-P status. Path analysis expresses the interrelationship of P fractions with P uptake; further, it gives information on factors influencing plant availability. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed high correlations of soil properties with inorganic P fractions.</p> Conclusions <p>For efficient P management in maize, decisions regarding optimal P application for sustainable maize yields should consider variations in inorganic P fractions relative to varying Olsen-P levels.</p>

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Long-Term Phosphorus Fertilization Affects Soil P Dynamics and Maize Productivity Across Varying Olsen-P Levels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月26日

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  • Jagdeep Singh

摘要

Purpose

Understanding P transformations in varying Olsen-P status soils is crucial for efficient P management and optimal crop production. This study explored the impact of long-term mineral P fertilization and farmyard manure (FYM) on soil P fractions and maize productivity over 12 years in soils with varying Olsen-P levels.

Methods

Soil samples (0–0.15 m) were taken from three different Olsen-P status soils, classified as medium-P (ISP1, 12.5–22.5 kg P ha− 1), high-P (ISP2, 22.5–50.0 kg P ha− 1), and very high-P (ISP3, >50.0 kg P ha− 1). Seven treatment combinations (P0, P13, P26, P39, P52, P13FYM, P26FYM) were evaluated.

Results

The results indicated that calcium bound-P (Ca-P) was the predominant form of soil P in all three Olsen-P status soils. In ISP3 soils, reducing P application to 50% of the recommended rate (26 kg P ha− 1) significantly increased saloid phosphorus (Sa-P) and aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P) fractions, leading to higher maize grain yield and improved P use efficiency (REp) compared to ISP1 and ISP2 soils. The combined use of mineral P and FYM enhanced P availability, leading to improved maize grain yield and P uptake in the P13FYM compared to P13 treatment, regardless of Olsen-P status. Path analysis expresses the interrelationship of P fractions with P uptake; further, it gives information on factors influencing plant availability. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed high correlations of soil properties with inorganic P fractions.

Conclusions

For efficient P management in maize, decisions regarding optimal P application for sustainable maize yields should consider variations in inorganic P fractions relative to varying Olsen-P levels.