Purpose <p>Global warming impacts soil microbial communities, which are central to many ecosystem functions and services. However, while the effects of warming under contrasting soil management on topsoil communities are well-documented, their influence on microbial communities and their networks in deeper soil layers (&gt; 30&#xa0;cm) remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate these effects in the short-term in an agricultural Cambisol under cropland and grassland management.</p> Methods <p>A year-long in-situ warming experiment (+ 4&#xa0;°C) was conducted on a soil profile extending to 1&#xa0;m depth. Soil DNA was extracted at various depths, and metabarcoding analyses were performed to assess microbial community composition, diversity, and network complexity for bacteria and fungi under both land management practices.</p> Results <p>Warming did not significantly affect microbial biomass or diversity across soil depths. However, it altered the structure of microbial communities, with bacteria exhibiting greater sensitivity than fungi. Grassland soils exhibited inherently more complex microbial networks compared to cropland. Warming reduced microbial network complexity across the soil profile, with a 53.4% reduction in cropland and a 40.3% reduction in grassland. In cropland, all microbial interactions were significantly impacted, whereas in grassland, only bacterial-bacterial interactions were affected.</p> Conclusions <p>This study shows that soil warming may alter microbial community structurereduce network connectivity, potentially affecting nutrient cycling and soil carbon storage capacity. These effects may be attenuated by management practices that enhance microbial resilience.. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable agriculture in climate change adaptation and provide valuable insights for improving soil biogeochemical models and land management strategies.</p>