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<p>This study explores how the root system (diameter and main chemical properties) and enzymatic and microbiological activities of soil respond to long-term application of olive mill wastewaters (OMWW) compared to a non-irrigated control. A fixed dose of 50 m<sup>3</sup> ha<sup>− 1</sup> was applied every two years throughout 20 years to a Tunisian olive (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) grove, while a rainfed grove was considered as control. Non-significant differences in the mean diameter and chemical characteristics (organic matter, soluble sugars, nutrients, polyphenols and membrane permeability of cells) of secondary roots were measured. The soil’s response has evidenced significant increases in beta-glucosidase activity in the middle layer of the rhizosphere (30–60&#xa0;cm, + 46%) and urease activity at the soil surface (0–30&#xa0;cm, + 46%). No variations in the other soil layers for urease and alkaline phosphatase were evident. OMWW irrigation significantly enhanced total aerobic microflora (on average + 160%) and fungi (+ 35%) as well as soil respiration activity (+ 21%), especially in the upper layers of the treated soil. Long-term application of OMWW at a low hydraulic load had no negative effects on secondary roots. This practice even slightly improved some important biochemical activities that support microbial and plant growth.</p>

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Olive Root Characteristics and Rhizosphere Activities After Long-Term Application of Olive Oil Mill Wastewaters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月5日

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  • Siwar Abdennbi,
  • Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja,
  • María Dolores Carmona-Yáñez,
  • Mohamed Chaieb,
  • Demetrio Antonio Zema,
  • Ali Mekki

摘要

This study explores how the root system (diameter and main chemical properties) and enzymatic and microbiological activities of soil respond to long-term application of olive mill wastewaters (OMWW) compared to a non-irrigated control. A fixed dose of 50 m3 ha− 1 was applied every two years throughout 20 years to a Tunisian olive (Olea europaea L.) grove, while a rainfed grove was considered as control. Non-significant differences in the mean diameter and chemical characteristics (organic matter, soluble sugars, nutrients, polyphenols and membrane permeability of cells) of secondary roots were measured. The soil’s response has evidenced significant increases in beta-glucosidase activity in the middle layer of the rhizosphere (30–60 cm, + 46%) and urease activity at the soil surface (0–30 cm, + 46%). No variations in the other soil layers for urease and alkaline phosphatase were evident. OMWW irrigation significantly enhanced total aerobic microflora (on average + 160%) and fungi (+ 35%) as well as soil respiration activity (+ 21%), especially in the upper layers of the treated soil. Long-term application of OMWW at a low hydraulic load had no negative effects on secondary roots. This practice even slightly improved some important biochemical activities that support microbial and plant growth.