<p>The increasing reliance on agricultural machinery to improve agronomic output and meet food demands disrupts soil structure and poses risks to soil biota, including mechanical injuries to earthworms. This study assesses the potential of grape stems as a soil amendment to promote earthworm regeneration and investigate their impact on reproduction and oxidative stress. Four experimental conditions were established: a control group (E0) with OECD reference soil and three groups where ground grape stems replaced 5% (E5), 10% (E10) and 25% (E25) of peat. Earthworms (<i>n</i> = 10/replicate) were amputated 30 segments past the clitellum. Destructive sampling occurred at 15, 30, and 45 days post-amputation. Regenerated segments were measured/counted, while adjacent tissue and blastema were analysed for oxidative stress markers (catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities). Reproductive output was assessed 60 days post-amputation. Regeneration outcomes revealed a nuanced relationship with grape stem amendments, demonstrating non-lethal effects and enhanced reproduction at certain concentrations. However, higher grape stem percentages (E25) revealed a slight delay in regeneration. Grape stem exposure induced changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly in detoxification mechanisms mediated by GST and POD, with distinct activity levels observed in blastema and adjacent tissues. Grape stems as soil amendments demonstrate potential benefits for earthworm health, including improved reproduction and modulated oxidative stress responses. However, optimal application rates are crucial to avoid adverse effects on regeneration. These findings highlight the dual role of soil amendments in nutrient provision and promoting the well-being of soil organisms.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>