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<p>Sweet potato (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i>) is an essential global food crop, widely cultivated for its high nutritional value and adaptability to diverse agroecological conditions. However, the overuse of nitrogen (N) fertilizers to enhance crop productivity has led to significant concerns about the buildup of heavy metals (HMs) in agricultural soils, threatening soil health, compromising food safety, and endangering human health through food consumption. Therefore, this review aims to (1) synthesize existing knowledge on the complex interactions between N fertilization and HM uptake in sweet potatoes, emphasizing soil properties, metal mobility, and plant physiological responses, and (2) identify key knowledge gaps related to different N sources, application rates, and their effects on HM dynamics, particularly concerning soil microbial processes. Studies have shown that N-induced changes in soil properties, particularly shifts in soil pH and soil organic matter (SOM), significantly influence the solubility and bioavailability of HMs such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As). Enhanced HMs contamination in soil leads to greater root absorption and transfer into edible plant parts, heightening concerns about food safety and potential risks to human health. Nevertheless, current understanding remains limited regarding how various N management practices affect HM behavior in sweet potato systems, especially through microbial-mediated pathways. Advancing this knowledge is essential for developing integrated nutrient management strategies that minimize HMs uptake while maintaining optimal crop productivity. Future research should focus on balancing N fertilization regimes, employing soil amendments to immobilize HMs, and utilizing microbial-assisted remediation approaches. Taken together, by balancing N fertilization practices and enhancing soil health management, sustainable sweet potato production can be achieved, reducing the environmental and human health risks associated with heavy metal contamination.</p>

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Balancing Nitrogen Application to Enhance Soil Health and Mitigate Heavy Metal Contamination Risks in Sweet Potato Cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月7日

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  • Rafiq Ahmad,
  • Cheng-cheng Si,
  • Shah Fahad,
  • Wajid Ali Khattak,
  • Muhammad Zakir

摘要

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an essential global food crop, widely cultivated for its high nutritional value and adaptability to diverse agroecological conditions. However, the overuse of nitrogen (N) fertilizers to enhance crop productivity has led to significant concerns about the buildup of heavy metals (HMs) in agricultural soils, threatening soil health, compromising food safety, and endangering human health through food consumption. Therefore, this review aims to (1) synthesize existing knowledge on the complex interactions between N fertilization and HM uptake in sweet potatoes, emphasizing soil properties, metal mobility, and plant physiological responses, and (2) identify key knowledge gaps related to different N sources, application rates, and their effects on HM dynamics, particularly concerning soil microbial processes. Studies have shown that N-induced changes in soil properties, particularly shifts in soil pH and soil organic matter (SOM), significantly influence the solubility and bioavailability of HMs such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As). Enhanced HMs contamination in soil leads to greater root absorption and transfer into edible plant parts, heightening concerns about food safety and potential risks to human health. Nevertheless, current understanding remains limited regarding how various N management practices affect HM behavior in sweet potato systems, especially through microbial-mediated pathways. Advancing this knowledge is essential for developing integrated nutrient management strategies that minimize HMs uptake while maintaining optimal crop productivity. Future research should focus on balancing N fertilization regimes, employing soil amendments to immobilize HMs, and utilizing microbial-assisted remediation approaches. Taken together, by balancing N fertilization practices and enhancing soil health management, sustainable sweet potato production can be achieved, reducing the environmental and human health risks associated with heavy metal contamination.