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<p>China is the world’s largest producer of pomelo, but long-term excessive phosphorus (P) application has led to serious environmental concerns. To address this, a 2-year field study was conducted with the objective to optimize P fertilizer inputs while improving fruit quality. An 8-year-old <i>Guanxi</i> pomelo orchard was selected for three P treatments: (1) 1.67&#xa0;kg P plant<sup>−1</sup> (P0); (2) 0.85&#xa0;kg P plant<sup>−1</sup> (P1); and (3) 0&#xa0;kg P plant<sup>−1</sup> (P2). Each treatment contained nine replicates in a randomized complete block design. The fruit yield and quality at physiological and metabolic levels were assessed. We found that lycopene and vitamin C contents significantly increased (17.94% and 46.43%, respectively) in fruits with a 50% reduction of P fertilizers compared to conventional P inputs (P0). Consistent with higher accumulation of lycopene, the expression of four genes controlling lycopene biosynthesis (<i>PSY</i>, <i>PDS</i>, <i>ZISO</i> and <i>ZDS</i>) was up-regulated, and transcription of one gene related to lycopene cyclization (<i>LCYB</i>) was down-regulated. Similarly, the expression of seven genes related to vitamin C biosynthesis (<i>GMP</i>, <i>GME</i>, <i>GGP</i>, <i>GDH</i>, <i>PME</i>, <i>PG</i> and <i>GLDH</i>) was up-regulated in mature fruits. Furthermore, metabolic analysis indicated that differentially accumulated primary metabolites were mainly related to organic acids and their derivatives (39.34–42.59%), and secondary metabolites were primarily associated with apigenin and neoeriocitrin. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of enhanced carotenoid and vitamin C biosynthesis and accumulation in pomelo fruits with reducing P fertilizers. They also step forward in the nutrient management programs to obtain better fruit quality with less environmental risks.</p>

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Reducing Phosphorus Fertilizer Application in the Typical Pomelo Production Region of China Improves Fruit Quality Traits via Metabolic Reprogramming

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Huilan Luo,
  • Muhammad Ishfaq,
  • Minwen Yan,
  • Jing Zhang,
  • Siwen Zhang,
  • Xue Zhang,
  • Ling Tong,
  • Mahmood Ul Hassan,
  • Haifang Liao,
  • Jiuliang Xu,
  • Delian Ye,
  • Liangquan Wu,
  • Xuexian Li

摘要

China is the world’s largest producer of pomelo, but long-term excessive phosphorus (P) application has led to serious environmental concerns. To address this, a 2-year field study was conducted with the objective to optimize P fertilizer inputs while improving fruit quality. An 8-year-old Guanxi pomelo orchard was selected for three P treatments: (1) 1.67 kg P plant−1 (P0); (2) 0.85 kg P plant−1 (P1); and (3) 0 kg P plant−1 (P2). Each treatment contained nine replicates in a randomized complete block design. The fruit yield and quality at physiological and metabolic levels were assessed. We found that lycopene and vitamin C contents significantly increased (17.94% and 46.43%, respectively) in fruits with a 50% reduction of P fertilizers compared to conventional P inputs (P0). Consistent with higher accumulation of lycopene, the expression of four genes controlling lycopene biosynthesis (PSY, PDS, ZISO and ZDS) was up-regulated, and transcription of one gene related to lycopene cyclization (LCYB) was down-regulated. Similarly, the expression of seven genes related to vitamin C biosynthesis (GMP, GME, GGP, GDH, PME, PG and GLDH) was up-regulated in mature fruits. Furthermore, metabolic analysis indicated that differentially accumulated primary metabolites were mainly related to organic acids and their derivatives (39.34–42.59%), and secondary metabolites were primarily associated with apigenin and neoeriocitrin. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of enhanced carotenoid and vitamin C biosynthesis and accumulation in pomelo fruits with reducing P fertilizers. They also step forward in the nutrient management programs to obtain better fruit quality with less environmental risks.