<p>Sustainable agriculture is closely related to low-tillage methods and the use of organic and biological fertilizers, and a detailed investigation of their role on the yield of agroecosystems is vital. For this purpose, a two-year experiment was conducted with three replications in 2021 and 2022. Treatments were tillage method (conventional tillage: molboard plow + disk, and minimum tillage: chisel) and fertilizer treatments including control (C), manure (M), vermicompost (V), biological fertilizer (BF), M + V, M + BF, V + BF and M + V + BF, and their effects was investigated on some physiological traits and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). The results showed that an interaction between tillage methods and fertilizers on all traits except for the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and stomatal conductance. The highest amount of grain yield (1135 kg ha^− 1), harvest index (30.14%) and soluble sugars (22.5 mg g^− 1 fresh weight) were observed in minimum tillage conditions by application of M + V + BF. Conventional tillage combined with the M + V + BF led to the highest amount of carotenoids and conventional tillage combined with the BF led to the highest amount of substomatal CO₂. Examining the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that the use of organic and biological fertilizers increased Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm and stomatal conductance. But the highest amount of F0 and F0/Fm was in the condition of not using fertilizer. Conventional tillage compared to minimum tillage increased F0 and F0/Fm by 8 and 14% respectively, while minimum tillage increased Fm, Fv and Fv/Fm by 4, 7 and 4% respectively compared to conventional tillage. Implementing minimum tillage and applying M + V + BF can improve gas exchange, the quantum yield efficiency of Photosystem II, and crop yield, making it beneficial for soil protection.</p>