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<p>Biogas slurry (BS), a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer, can maintain nutrient balance by providing a steady nutrient supply during crop growth. Key indicators of nutrient balance and efficiency, such as nutrient ratios, particularly leaf carbon to nitrogen (C/N) stoichiometry, are critical for evaluating nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, the mechanisms by which leaf C/N stoichiometry, along with leaf nitrogen (N) concentration and carbon (C) content, regulates NUE under BS application remain poorly understood. This study examined five fertilization strategies including 100% chemical fertilizer (CF), and 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% BS substitution for CF, all with the same N input, on soil C, N, C/N stoichiometry, leaf C, N, C/N stoichiometry, NUE, and grain yield. The results revealed that compared to CF alone, 50% BS substitution for CF significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) increased soil C by 44.88%, N by 28.87%, and C/N stoichiometry by 23.65%. These resulted in the enhanced leaf C by 4.73% and C/N stoichiometry by 36.90% while reduced leaf N by 19.24%. The structural equation modeling demonstrated that the elevated soil C/N stoichiometry was attributed to optimized soil N, which in turn decreased leaf N while increasing leaf C/N, leading to a 32.29% improvement in NUE, contributing to a 24.36% increase in grain yield. This finding was further confirmed by Random Forest analysis indicating that soil C/N stoichiometry and leaf C/N stoichiometry were key factors driving NUE. Therefore, adopting a 50% BS substitution is recommended to reduce CF use, thereby enhancing NUE for sustainable agriculture.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Substitution of Biogas Slurry for Chemical Fertilizer Improves Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat by Decreasing Leaf Nitrogen Concentration and Increasing Leaf C/N Stoichiometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月21日

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  • Eba Muluneh Sorecha,
  • Renjie Ruan,
  • Yue Yuan,
  • Yaosheng Wang

摘要

Biogas slurry (BS), a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer, can maintain nutrient balance by providing a steady nutrient supply during crop growth. Key indicators of nutrient balance and efficiency, such as nutrient ratios, particularly leaf carbon to nitrogen (C/N) stoichiometry, are critical for evaluating nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, the mechanisms by which leaf C/N stoichiometry, along with leaf nitrogen (N) concentration and carbon (C) content, regulates NUE under BS application remain poorly understood. This study examined five fertilization strategies including 100% chemical fertilizer (CF), and 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% BS substitution for CF, all with the same N input, on soil C, N, C/N stoichiometry, leaf C, N, C/N stoichiometry, NUE, and grain yield. The results revealed that compared to CF alone, 50% BS substitution for CF significantly (p < 0.001) increased soil C by 44.88%, N by 28.87%, and C/N stoichiometry by 23.65%. These resulted in the enhanced leaf C by 4.73% and C/N stoichiometry by 36.90% while reduced leaf N by 19.24%. The structural equation modeling demonstrated that the elevated soil C/N stoichiometry was attributed to optimized soil N, which in turn decreased leaf N while increasing leaf C/N, leading to a 32.29% improvement in NUE, contributing to a 24.36% increase in grain yield. This finding was further confirmed by Random Forest analysis indicating that soil C/N stoichiometry and leaf C/N stoichiometry were key factors driving NUE. Therefore, adopting a 50% BS substitution is recommended to reduce CF use, thereby enhancing NUE for sustainable agriculture.

Graphical abstract