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<p>Salinity stress significantly threatens agriculture by impairing crop growth and yield. Exogenous proline application has emerged as promising strategy to enhance plant resilience to such abiotic stresses. This study investigated the effects of exogenous proline on three alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) varieties, two Moroccan, <i>Ouad Lmaleh</i> (<i>OL</i>) and <i>Demnate 201</i> (<i>Dm</i>), and one European <i>NS Mediana ZMS V</i> (<i>NS Med</i>) under salinity stress. The three <i>M. sativa</i> varieties were exposed to salt stress with or without proline application. Growth parameters, photosynthetic performance, oxidative stress levels, ion contents and osmotic adjustment were investigated. Salinity stress adversely affected all the three varieties with <i>NS Med</i> being the most susceptible, as shown by the PCA analysis. In <i>NS Med,</i> shoot and root dry weights, plant height, and leaf number were reduced by 76%, 86%, 53%, and 65%, respectively, compared to controls. Salinity also diminished photosynthetic pigments and potassium levels while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and sodium contents, especially in <i>NS Med</i>. However, exogenous proline application alleviated these negative effects by improving plant biomass, height, leaf number, and photosynthetic pigment levels while reducing Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation in a variety-dependent manner. Proline treatment decreased MDA levels by 26% in <i>NS Med</i>, 18% in <i>Dm</i>, and 5% in <i>OL</i>, indicating enhanced oxidative stress tolerance via improved antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, proline supplementation increased endogenous proline levels, positively correlating with growth and photosynthetic pigments. These findings highlight exogenous proline as a viable strategy to counteract salinity stress in <i>M. sativa</i>, promoting growth and stress resilience.</p>

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Exogenous Proline Supply Improves Growth, Antioxidant Defense System, and Nutrient Homeostasis in Salt-Stressed Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月10日

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  • Ahmed El Moukhtari,
  • Cécile Cabassa,
  • Nina Durand,
  • Mohamed Farissi,
  • Arnould Savouré

摘要

Salinity stress significantly threatens agriculture by impairing crop growth and yield. Exogenous proline application has emerged as promising strategy to enhance plant resilience to such abiotic stresses. This study investigated the effects of exogenous proline on three alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties, two Moroccan, Ouad Lmaleh (OL) and Demnate 201 (Dm), and one European NS Mediana ZMS V (NS Med) under salinity stress. The three M. sativa varieties were exposed to salt stress with or without proline application. Growth parameters, photosynthetic performance, oxidative stress levels, ion contents and osmotic adjustment were investigated. Salinity stress adversely affected all the three varieties with NS Med being the most susceptible, as shown by the PCA analysis. In NS Med, shoot and root dry weights, plant height, and leaf number were reduced by 76%, 86%, 53%, and 65%, respectively, compared to controls. Salinity also diminished photosynthetic pigments and potassium levels while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and sodium contents, especially in NS Med. However, exogenous proline application alleviated these negative effects by improving plant biomass, height, leaf number, and photosynthetic pigment levels while reducing Na+ accumulation in a variety-dependent manner. Proline treatment decreased MDA levels by 26% in NS Med, 18% in Dm, and 5% in OL, indicating enhanced oxidative stress tolerance via improved antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, proline supplementation increased endogenous proline levels, positively correlating with growth and photosynthetic pigments. These findings highlight exogenous proline as a viable strategy to counteract salinity stress in M. sativa, promoting growth and stress resilience.