<p>Rubber tree [<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.] is a widely commercialized cash crop globally. However, maintaining sustainability and avoiding soil degradation in long-term monoculture rubber plantations remains a challenge. Rubber agroforestry is a land-use system that integrates rubber trees with other crops, offers a potential solution for greater sustainability compared to monocultures. The purpose is to explore the changes in soil properties in a rubber mixed system with native tree species <i>Mytilaria laosensis</i>. This study investigates the effects of two planting patterns namely, rubber monoculture, rubber<i>-M. laosensis</i> mixing system on soil chemical and physical, microflora, and enzymes activities using laboratory analysis of field soil samples. Our findings revealed that mixing native tree species into rubber plantations significantly increased soil porosity and reduced soil bulk density. Additionally, soil organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH, soil sucrase, cellulase and acid phosphatase levels were higher in the rubber<i>-M. laosensis</i> mixing system compared to rubber monoculture system. Furthermore, mixing rubber plantations with native tree (<i>Mytilaria laosensis)</i> boosted bacteria abundance, which rubber<i>-M. laosensis</i> mixing system exhibiting a 139.38% higher bacterial count than rubber monoculture. Mixing optimized soil properties and fostered a healthier soil environment. These results expand our comprehension of the ways in which mixed tree cropping can elevate soil quality. These findings offer compelling evidence for improved soil management strategies and sustainable rubber plantation practices, with the potential for the application of tree crops mixing with plantations in tropical regions worldwide.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>