<p>Purpose:Heavy metals pose a significant environmental threat due to their widespread occurrence and harmful effects on ecosystems and human health. This study aims to explore the extent of heavy metal contamination and to evaluate the potential of phytoremediation as a sustainable solution for mitigating heavy metal pollution. Methods: The study reviews the release of heavy metals into the environment through industrial activities and natural processes, leading to their accumulation in environmental entities. The mechanisms of heavy metal uptake, translocation, and tolerance in plants are analyzed to understand how certain plant species act as hyperaccumulators.Results: The hazard index for heavy metals such as Cr and Pb was found to be significantly higher in children, being 7 and 7.5 times greater, respectively, than in adults. The lifetime cancer risk for chromium exposure in children, through various soil contact scenarios, was calculated at 5.361 × 10⁻⁴ mg Kg⁻¹, placing it at the lower edge of the acceptable range for potential cancer risk. Phytoremediation emerges as a promising, eco-friendly technology for addressing heavy metal contamination, with specific plant species demonstrating effective hyperaccumulation capabilities.Conclusion: Phytoremediation presents a sustainable and promising approach for the remediation of environments contaminated with heavy metals. While challenges such as plant species selection, soil chemistry influence, and the time required for remediation exist, this review provides valuable insights into the current state of phytoremediation technology and suggests directions for future research to effectively tackle heavy metal pollution.</p>